fnwd20220331

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒	Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2022 or

☐	Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

For the transition period from ______ to ______

Commission File Number: 0-26128

Finward Bancorp

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Indiana	35-1927981
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

9204 Columbia Avenue, Munster, Indiana	46321
(Address of principal executive offices)	(ZIP code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (219) 836‑4400

	N/A
	(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None.

Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, no par value	FNWD	The NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☐	Non-accelerated filer ☒
Smaller Reporting Company ☒	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

There were 4,294,709 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, without par value, outstanding at May 16, 2022.

Finward Bancorp

Index

	Page
	Number
PART I. Financial Information

Item 1. Unaudited Financial Statements and Notes	1

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	27

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	38

Item 4. Controls and Procedures	38

PART II. Other Information	39

SIGNATURES	40

EXHIBITS
31.1 Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer
31.2 Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer
32.1 Section 1350 Certifications
101 XBRL Interactive Data File

Part I – Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

Finward Bancorp

Consolidated Balance Sheet

	March 31, 2022			December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	(unaudited)			2021

ASSETS

Cash and non-interest bearing deposits in other financial institutions	$	21,262		$	12,725
Interest bearing deposits in other financial institutions		31,420			19,987
Federal funds sold		1,819			464

Total cash and cash equivalents		54,501			33,176

Certificates of deposit in other financial institutions		1,731			1,709

Securities available-for-sale		464,320			526,889
Loans held-for-sale		1,420			4,987
Loans receivable, net of deferred fees and costs		1,439,728			966,720
Less: allowance for loan losses		(13,387	)		(13,343	)
Net loans receivable		1,426,341			953,377
Federal Home Loan Bank stock		3,038			3,247
Accrued interest receivable		7,427			5,444
Premises and equipment		45,773			31,385
Cash value of bank owned life insurance		31,378			31,440
Goodwill		22,774			11,109
Other intangible assets		5,998			3,126
Other assets		33,144			14,854

Total assets	$	2,097,845		$	1,620,743

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

Deposits:
Non-interest bearing	$	380,515		$	295,294
Interest bearing		1,514,696			1,138,907
Total		1,895,211			1,434,201
Repurchase agreements		23,239			14,581
Borrowed funds		5			-
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		21,753			15,346

Total liabilities		1,940,208			1,464,128

Commitments and contingencies

Stockholders' Equity:
Preferred stock, no par or stated value; 10,000,000 shares authorized, none outstanding		-			-
Common stock, no par or stated value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; shares issued and outstanding: March 31, 2022 - 4,294,136 December 31, 2021 - 3,480,701		-			-
Additional paid-in capital		68,386			30,430
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income		(33,462	)		4,276
Retained earnings		122,713			121,909

Total stockholders' equity		157,637			156,615

Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	2,097,845		$	1,620,743

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Finward Bancorp

Consolidated Statements of Income

(unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands)	Quarter Ended March 31,
	2022		2021
Interest income:
Loans receivable	$	13,286	$	10,746
Securities		2,597		1,961
Other interest earning assets		11		20

Total interest income		15,894		12,727

Interest expense:
Deposits		337		651
Repurchase agreements		16		10
Borrowed funds		6		20

Total interest expense		359		681

Net interest income		15,535		12,046
Provision for loan losses		-		578

Net interest income after provision for loan losses		15,535		11,468

Noninterest income:
Fees and service charges		1,304		1,066
Gain on sale of loans held-for-sale, net		607		2,049
Wealth management operations		595		607
Gain on sale of securities, net		381		417
Increase in cash value of bank owned life insurance		252		169
Gain (loss) on sale of foreclosed real estate		-		(9	)
Other		5		14

Total noninterest income		3,144		4,313

Noninterest expense:
Compensation and benefits		7,367		5,685
Data processing		3,054		674
Occupancy and equipment		1,500		1,372
Marketing		651		199
Federal deposit insurance premiums		219		180
Other		3,478		2,383

Total noninterest expense		16,269		10,493

Income before income tax expenses		2,410		5,288
Income tax expenses		275		745

Net income	$	2,135	$	4,543

Earnings per common share:
Basic	$	0.53	$	1.31
Diluted	$	0.53	$	1.31

Dividends declared per common share	$	0.31	$	0.31

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Finward Bancorp

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands)	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2022			2021

Net income	$	2,135		$	4,543

Net change in net unrealized gains and losses on securities available-for-sale:
Unrealized loss arising during the period		(47,389	)		(7,761	)
Less: reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income		(381	)		(417	)
Net securities loss during the period		(47,770	)		(8,178	)
Tax effect		10,032			1,717
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		(37,738	)		(6,461	)

Comprehensive loss, net of tax		(35,603	)		(1,918	)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Finward Bancorp

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholder's Equity

(unaudited)

						Accumulated
			Additional			Other
	Common		Paid-in			Comprehensive			Retained			Total
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)	Stock		Capital			(Loss)/Income			Earnings			Equity


Balance at January 1, 2021	$	-	$	29,987		$	10,441		$	111,261		$	151,689

Net income		-		-			-			4,543			4,543
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		-		-			(6,461	)		-			(6,461	)
Net surrender value of 1,711 restricted stock awards		-		(68	)		-			-			(68	)
Stock-based compensation expense		-		146			-			-			146
Cash dividends, $0.31 per share		-		-			-			(1,079	)		(1,079	)

Balance at March 31, 2021	$	-	$	30,065		$	3,980		$	114,725		$	148,770

Balance at January 1, 2022	$	-	$	30,430		$	4,276		$	121,909		$	156,615

Net income		-		-			-			2,135			2,135
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax		-		-			(37,738	)		-			(37,738	)
Net surrender value of 2,336 restricted stock awards		-		(115	)		-			-			(115	)
Stock-based compensation expense		-		169			-			-			169
Issuance of 795,423 shares at $47.75 per share, for acquisition of Royal Financial, Inc.		-		37,902			-			-			37,902
Cash dividends, $0.31 per share		-		-			-			(1,331	)		(1,331	)

Balance at March 31, 2022	$	-	$	68,386		$	(33,462	)	$	122,713		$	157,637

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Finward Bancorp

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands)	Three months ended March 31,
	2022			2021
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$	2,135		$	4,543
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Origination of loans for sale		(15,664	)		(49,083	)
Sale of loans originated for sale		19,760			57,876
Depreciation and amortization, net of accretion		1,191			1,043
Stock based compensation expense		169			146
Gain on sale of securities, net		(381	)		(417	)
Gain on sale of loans held-for-sale, net		(582	)		(2,026	)
Loss on sale of foreclosed real estate		-			9
Gain on cash value of bank owned life insurance		(252	)		(169	)
Gain on derivatives		(25	)		(23	)
Provision for loan losses		-			578
Net change in:
Interest receivable		(1,983	)		(284	)
Other assets		1,504			2,643
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		(5,150	)		1,558
Net cash provided by operating activities		722			16,394

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from maturities of certificates of deposit in other financial institutions		223			423
Proceeds from maturities and pay downs of securities available-for-sale		9,225			27,287
Proceeds from sales of securities available-for-sale		16,236			6,904
Purchase of securities available-for-sale		(10,724	)		(54,540	)
Proceeds from bank owned life insurance		314			-
Net change in loans receivable		(20,094	)		(4,331	)
Proceeds of Federal Home Loan Bank Stock		1,512			-
Purchase of loans receivable		(2,113	)		(2,989	)
Purchase of premises and equipment, net		(1,219	)		(379	)
Proceeds from sale of foreclosed real estate		-			48
Cash and cash equivalents from acquisition activity, net		33,799			-
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities		27,159			(27,577	)

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Change in deposits		(14,025	)		64,355
Repayment of FHLB advances		-			(6,000	)
Net surrender value of restricted stock awards		(115	)		(68	)
Change in repurchase agreements and other borrowed funds		8,663			2,057
Dividends paid		(1,079	)		(1,074	)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities		(6,556	)		59,270
Net change in cash and cash equivalents		21,325			48,087
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		33,176			19,922
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	54,501		$	68,009

SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	339		$	690
Acquisition activity:
Fair value of assets acquired, including cash and cash equivalents	$	528,083		$	-
Value of goodwill and other intangible assets		14,884			-
Fair value of liabilities assumed		486,340			-
Cash paid for acquisition		18,725			-
Issuance of common stock for acquisition		37,902			-
Noncash activities:
Dividends declared not paid		1,331			1,079
Securities purchased not settled		-			1,765

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

Finward Bancorp

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

Note 1 - Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Finward Bancorp (the “Bancorp” or “FNWD”), its wholly-owned subsidiaries NWIN Risk Management, Inc. (a captive insurance subsidiary) and Peoples Bank (the “Bank”), and the Bank’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, Peoples Service Corporation, NWIN, LLC, NWIN Funding, Incorporated, 1683 Real Estate LLC, and Columbia Development Company, LLC. The Bancorp’s business activities include being a holding company for the Bank as well as a holding company for NWIN Risk Management, Inc. The Bancorp’s earnings are primarily dependent upon the earnings of the Bank. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with instructions for Form 10-Q and, therefore, do not include all disclosures required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for complete presentation of consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, the consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments necessary to present fairly the consolidated balance sheets of the Bancorp as of March 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, and the consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income (loss), changes in stockholders’ equity, and consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2022, and 2021. The income reported for the three month period ended March 31, 2022, is not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

The Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements appearing in Finward Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K (2021 Annual Report), which include descriptions of significant accounting policies, should be read in conjunction with these interim financial statements. The Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2021 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. Certain amounts in the prior period consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on net income.

Revision of Previously Issued Financial Statements

We have revised amounts reported in previously issued financial statements for the periods presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q related to immaterial errors discovered during the second quarter of 2021. The errors relate to certain deferred costs booked related to our manufactured home loan product, which resulted in increased assets and understatements of expense in prior periods.

We evaluated the aggregate effects of the errors to our previously issued financial statements in accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletins No. 99 and No. 108 and, based upon quantitative and qualitative factors, determined that the errors were not material to the previously issued financial statements and disclosures included in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2021.

The following tables present the revisions to the line items of our previously issued financial statements to reflect the correction of the errors:

Consolidated Statement of Income

For the three months ending March 31, 2021	As Reported		Adjustment			As Revised
Compensation and benefits	$	5,530	$	155		$	5,685
Total noninterest expense		10,338		155			10,493
Income before income tax expense		5,443		(155	)		5,288
Income tax expenses		764		(19	)		745
Net income		4,679		(136	)		4,543
Earnings per common share:
Basic		1.35		(0.04	)		1.31
Diluted		1.35		(0.04	)		1.31

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

For the three months ending March 31, 2021	As Reported			Adjustment			As Revised
Net income	$	4,679		$	(136	)	$	4,543
Comprehensive income, net of tax		(1,782	)		(136	)		(1,918	)

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity

Balance at January 1, 2021	As Reported		Adjustment			As Revised
Retained earnings	$	112,494	$	(1,233	)	$	111,261
Total equity		152,922		(1,233	)		151,689

For the three months ending March 31, 2021
Net income		4,679		(136	)		4,543
Retained earnings		116,094		(1,369	)		114,725
Total equity		150,139		(1,369	)		148,770

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

For the three months ending March 31, 2021	As Reported			Adjustment			As Revised
Net income	$	4,679		$	(136	)	$	4,543
Net change in other assets		2,662			(19	)		2,643
Net cash - operating activities		16,549			(155	)		16,394
Net change in loan		(4,486	)		155			(4,331	)
Net cash - investing activities		(27,732	)		155			(27,577	)

Note 2 - Use of Estimates

Preparing financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period, as well as the disclosures provided. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Estimates associated with the allowance for loan losses, fair values of foreclosed real estate, loan servicing rights, investment securities, deferred tax assets, goodwill, and the status of contingencies are particularly susceptible to material change in the near term.

Note 3 - Acquisition Activity

On January 31, 2022, Finward Bancorp (“Finward”) completed its previously announced acquisition of Royal Financial, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“RYFL”), pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated July 28, 2021 (the “Merger Agreement”) between Finward and RYFL. The stockholders of both Finward and RYFL approved the Merger Agreement at the respective stockholder meetings of the companies held on December 13, 2021. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, RYFL merged with and into Finward, with Finward as the surviving corporation (the “Merger”), and Royal Savings Bank, an Illinois state-chartered savings bank and wholly-owned subsidiary of RYFL, merged with and into Peoples Bank, the wholly-owned Indiana state-chartered commercial bank subsidiary of Finward, with Peoples Bank as the surviving bank.

Under the terms of the merger agreement, RYFL stockholders who owned 101 or more shares of RYFL common stock were permitted to elect to receive either 0.4609 shares of Finward common stock or $20.14 in cash, or a combination of both, for each share of RYFL common stock owned, subject to proration and allocation provisions such that 65% of the shares of RYFL common stock outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the merger were converted into the right to receive shares of Finward common stock and the remaining 35% of the outstanding RYFL shares were converted into the right to receive cash. Stockholders holding less than 101 shares of RYFL common stock received fixed consideration of $20.14 in cash per share and no stock consideration.

As a result of RYFL stockholder stock and cash elections and the related allocation and proration provisions of the merger agreement, Finward issued 795,423 shares of its common stock and paid cash consideration of approximately $18.7 million in the Merger. Based on the January 28, 2022, closing price of $47.75 per share of Finward common stock, the transaction had an implied valuation of approximately $56.7 million. In connection with the acquisition, Robert W. Youman, was appointed to the boards of directors of Finward and Peoples Bank effective as of the closing of the Merger. RYFL had a home office and eight branch offices in Cook County and DuPage County, Illinois. The acquisition has further expanded the Bank’s banking center network in Cook County and DuPage County, Illinois.

Under the acquisition method of accounting, the total purchase price is allocated to net tangible and intangible assets based on their current estimated fair values on the date of the acquisition. Based on the valuations of the fair value of tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, which are based on estimates and assumptions that are subject to change, the final purchase price for the Royal acquisition is allocated as follows:

ASSETS			*LIABILITIES*
Cash and due from banks	$	52,524	Deposits
Investment securities, available for sale		-	Non-interest bearing	$	32,095
Certificate of deposit in other financial institutions		245	NOW accounts		63,639
			Savings and money market		184,149
Total Loans		450,757	Certificates of deposits		195,153
			Total Deposits		475,036
Premises and equipment, net		13,848
FHLB stock		1,303	Interest payable		75
Goodwill		11,664	Other liabilities		11,228
Core deposit intangible		3,220
Interest receivable		1,836
Other assets		7,569
Total assets purchased	$	542,966
Common shares issued		37,902
Cash paid		18,725
Total purchase price	$	56,627	Total liabilities assumed	$	486,339

Final estimates of fair value on the date of acquisition have not been finalized yet. Prior to the end of the one-year measurement period for finalizing the purchase price allocation, if information becomes available which would indicate adjustments are required to the purchase price allocation, such adjustments will be included in the purchase price allocation prospectively. If any adjustments are made to the preliminary assumptions (provisional amounts), disclosures will be made in the notes to the financial statements of the amounts recorded in the current period earnings by line item that have been recorded in previous reporting periods as if the adjustments to the provisional amounts had been recognized as of the acquisition date.

Goodwill of approximately $11.7 million, which is the excess of the acquisition consideration over the fair value of net assets acquired, is expected to be recorded in the RYFL acquisition and is the result of expected operational synergies and other factors. This goodwill is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes. To the extent that management revises any of the above fair value adjustments as a result of its continuing evaluation, the amount of goodwill recorded in the RYFL acquisition will change.

Gross loans acquired during the RYFL transaction totaled $456.7 million. As of the three months ended March 31, 2022, the remaining outstanding principal of loans directly related to the RYFL acquisition total $443.8 million, of which $6.1 million are expected to be uncollectable.

Revenue, excluding all purchase accounting adjustments, attributed to RYFL totaled $3.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

The following pro-forma and earnings (unaudited) of the combined company are presented as if the RYFL merger had occurred on January 1, 2022 and January 1, 2021:

	For the three months ended			For the three months ended
(in thousands)	*March 31, 2022*			*March 31, 2021*
Selected Financial Data
Interest income	$	17,589		$	17,391
Interest expense		(460	)		(1,191	)
Recovery of (provision for) loan losses		-			(278	)
Non-interest income		3,283			4,516
Non-interest expense (1)		(14,397	)		(12,945	)
Income before provision for income taxes		6,015			7,493
Income tax expense		(1,032	)		(1,173	)
Net income	$	4,983		$	6,320

Earnings per common share:
Basic	$	1.24		$	1.82
Diluted	$	1.24		$	1.82

(1)	Excludes $2.9 million in pre-tax merger expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

As of the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Bancorp has recorded $2.9 million in pretax one-time merger expenses related to the RYFL acquisition, these expenses have been allocated to the following non-interest expense line items within the income statement:

	Three months ended
Noninterest expense:	March 31, 2022
Compensation and benefits	$	132
Data processing		1,929
Marketing		135
Other		656

Period merger expense	$	2,852

Note 4 - Securities

The estimated fair value of available-for-sale securities and the related gross unrealized gains and losses recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income were as follows:

	(Dollars in thousands)
			Gross		Gross			Estimated
	Cost		Unrealized		Unrealized			Fair
	Basis		Gains		Losses			Value
March 31, 2022
U.S. government sponsored entities	$	8,883	$	-	$	(681	)	$	8,202
U.S. treasury securities		199		-		-			199
Collateralized mortgage obligations and residential mortgage-backed securities		178,431		45		(14,353	)		164,123
Municipal securities		317,000		1,727		(27,903	)		290,824
Collateralized debt obligations		2,173		-		(1,201	)		972
Total securities available-for-sale	$	506,686	$	1,772	$	(44,138	)	$	464,320

	(Dollars in thousands)
			Gross		Gross			Estimated
	Cost		Unrealized		Unrealized			Fair
	Basis		Gains		Losses			Value
December 31, 2021
U.S. government sponsored entities	$	8,883	$	-	$	(214	)	$	8,669
U.S. treasury securities		400		-		-			400
Collateralized mortgage obligations and residential mortgage-backed securities		187,279		961		(3,539	)		184,701
Municipal securities		322,750		9,904		(527	)		332,127
Collateralized debt obligations		2,173		-		(1,181	)		992
Total securities available-for-sale	$	521,485	$	10,865	$	(5,461	)	$	526,889

The estimated fair value of available-for-sale debt securities at March 31, 2022, by contractual maturity, were as follows. Securities not due at a single maturity date, primarily collateralized mortgage obligations and residential mortgage-backed securities, are shown separately.

	(Dollars in thousands)
	Available-for-sale
			Estimated
	Cost		Fair
March 31, 2022	Basis		Value
Due in one year or less	$	389	$	390
Due from one to five years		1,759		1,763
Due from five to ten years		30,204		29,468
Due over ten years		295,903		268,576
Collateralized mortgage obligations and residential mortgage-backed securities		178,431		164,123
Total	$	506,686	$	464,320

The contractual maturities and weighted average yields for the U.S. government securities, agency securities, municipal securities, and trust preferred securities at March 31, 2022, are summarized in the table below. Securities not due at a single maturity date, such as mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations are not included in the following table. The carrying values are stated in thousands (000’s).

The weighted average yields were calculated by multiplying each carrying value by its yield and dividing the sum of these results by the total carrying values. Yields presented are not on a tax-equivalent basis.

	Within 1 Year					1 - 5 Years					5 - 10 Years					After 10 Years					Total
	Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield			Amount		Yield			Amount
U.S. government sponsored entities:	$	-		0.00	%	$	-		0.00	%	$	8,202		1.00	%	$	-		0.00	%	$	8,202
AFS
U.S. treasury securities:
AFS		199		0.13	%		-		0.00	%		-		0.00	%		-		0.00	%		199
Municipal Securities:
AFS		191		4.84	%		1,763		4.13	%		21,266		3.56	%		267,604		2.87	%		290,824
Trust Preferred Securities:
AFS		-		0.00	%		-		0.00	%		-		0.00	%		972		1.57	%		972
Totals	$	390		2.43	%	$	1,763		4.13	%	$	29,468		2.85	%	$	268,576		2.87	%	$	300,197

Sales of available-for-sale securities were as follows for the three months ended:

	(Dollars in thousands)
	March 31,			March 31,
	2022			2021

Proceeds	$	16,236		$	6,904
Gross gains		397			417
Gross losses		(16	)		-

Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) balances, net of tax, related to available-for-sale securities, were as follows:

	(Dollars in thousands)
	Unrealized gain/(loss)
Ending balance, December 31, 2021	$	4,276
Current period change		(37,738	)
Ending balance, March 31, 2022	$	(33,462	)

Securities with market values of approximately $34.8 million and $39.5 million were pledged as of March 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively, as collateral for repurchase agreements, public funds, and for other purposes as permitted or required by law.

Securities with gross unrealized losses at March 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, not recognized in income are as follows:

	(Dollars in thousands)
	Less than 12 months					12 months or longer					Total					Percentage of
	Estimated					Estimated					Estimated					Total Portfolio
	Fair		Unrealized			Fair		Unrealized			Fair		Unrealized			in Loss
	Value		Losses			Value		Losses			Value		Losses			Position
March 31, 2022
U.S. government sponsored entities	$	-	$	-		$	8,202	$	(681	)	$	8,202	$	(681	)		100.0	%
Collateralized mortgage obligations and residential mortgage-backed securities		99,994		(7,368	)		60,792		(6,985	)		160,786		(14,353	)		98.0	%
Municipal securities		232,220		(27,678	)		2,594		(225	)		234,814		(27,903	)		80.7	%
Collateralized debt obligations		-		-			972		(1,201	)		972		(1,201	)		100.0	%
Total temporarily impaired	$	332,214	$	(35,046	)	$	72,560	$	(9,092	)	$	404,774	$	(44,138	)		87.2	%
Number of securities				384					33					417

	(Dollars in thousands)
	Less than 12 months					12 months or longer					Total					Percentage of
	Estimated					Estimated					Estimated					Total Portfolio
	Fair		Unrealized			Fair		Unrealized			Fair		Unrealized			in Loss
	Value		Losses			Value		Losses			Value		Losses			Position
December 31, 2021
U.S. government sponsored entities	$	8,669	$	(214	)	$	-	$	-		$	8,669	$	(214	)		100.0	%
Collateralized mortgage obligations and residential mortgage-backed securities		126,373		(3,175	)		8,109		(364	)		134,482		(3,539	)		72.8	%
Municipal securities		70,309		(527	)		-		-			70,309		(527	)		21.2	%
Collateralized debt obligations		-		-			992		(1,181	)		992		(1,181	)		100.0	%
Total temporarily impaired	$	205,351	$	(3,916	)	$	9,101	$	(1,545	)	$	214,452	$	(5,461	)		40.7	%
Number of securities				133					5					138

Unrealized losses on securities have not been recognized into income because the securities are of high credit quality or have undisrupted cash flows. Management has the intent and ability to hold those securities for the foreseeable future, and the decline in fair value is largely due to changes in interest rates and volatility in securities markets. The fair values are expected to recover as the securities approach maturity.

Note 5 - Loans Receivable

The Bancorp’s current lending programs are described below:

Residential Real Estate. The primary lending activity of the Bancorp has been the granting of conventional mortgage loans to enable borrowers to purchase existing homes, refinance existing homes, or construct new homes. Conventional loans are made up to a maximum of 97% of the purchase price or appraised value, whichever is less. For loans made in excess of 80% of value, private mortgage insurance is generally required in an amount sufficient to reduce the Bancorp’s exposure to 80% or less of the appraised value of the property. Loans insured by private mortgage insurance companies can be made for up to 97% of value. Loans closed with over 20% of equity do not require private mortgage insurance because of the borrower’s level of equity investment.

Fixed rate loans currently originated generally conform to Freddie Mac guidelines for loans purchased under the one‑to‑four family program. Loan interest rates are determined based on secondary market yield requirements and local market conditions. Fixed rate mortgage loans with contractual maturities generally exceeding fifteen years and greater may be sold and/or classified as held for sale to control exposure to interest rate risk.

The Bancorp’s Adjustable Rate Mortgage Loans (“ARMs”) include offerings that reprice annually or are “Mini-Fixed.” The “Mini‑Fixed” mortgage reprices annually after a one, three, five, seven or ten year period. The ability of the Bancorp to successfully market ARM’s depends upon loan demand, prevailing interest rates, volatility of interest rates, public acceptance of such loans and terms offered by competitors.

Home Equity Line of Credit. The Bancorp offers a fixed and variable rate revolving line of credit secured by the equity in the borrower’s home. Both products offer an interest only option where the borrower pays interest only on the outstanding balance each month. Equity lines will typically require a second mortgage appraisal and a second mortgage lender’s title insurance policy. Loans are generally made up to a maximum of 89% of the appraised value of the property less any outstanding liens.

Fixed term home improvement and equity loans are made up to a maximum of 85% of the appraised value of the improved property, less any outstanding liens. These loans are offered on both a fixed and variable rate basis with a maximum term of 240 months. All home equity loans are made on a direct basis to borrowers.

Commercial Real Estate and Multifamily Loans. Commercial real estate loans are typically made to a maximum of 80% of the appraised value. Such loans are generally made on an adjustable rate basis. These loans are typically made for terms of 15 to 20 years. Loans with an amortizing term exceeding 15 years normally have a balloon feature calling for a full repayment within seven to ten years from the date of the loan. The balloon feature affords the Bancorp the opportunity to restructure the loan if economic conditions so warrant. Commercial real estate loans include loans secured by commercial rental units, apartments, condominium developments, small shopping centers, owner occupied commercial/industrial properties, hospitality units and other retail and commercial developments.

In originating commercial real estate loans, the Bancorp considers the feasibility of the project, the financial strength of the borrowers and lessees, the managerial ability of the borrowers, the location of the project and the economic environment. Management evaluates the debt coverage ratio and analyzes the reliability of cash flows, as well as the quality of earnings. All such loans are made in accordance with well-defined underwriting standards and are generally supported by personal guarantees, which represent a secondary source of repayment.

Loans for the construction of commercial properties are generally located within an area permitting physical inspection and regular review of business records. Projects financed outside of the Bancorp’s primary lending area generally involve borrowers and guarantors who are or were previous customers of the Bancorp or projects that are underwritten according to the Bank’s underwriting standards.

Construction and Land Development. Construction loans on residential properties are made primarily to individuals and contractors who are under contract with individual purchasers. These loans are personally guaranteed by the borrower. The maximum loan-to-value ratio is 89% of either the current appraised value or the cost of construction, whichever is less. Residential construction loans are typically made for periods of six months to one year.

Loans are also made for the construction of commercial properties. All such loans are made in accordance with well-defined underwriting standards. Generally if the loans are not owner occupied, these types of loans require proof of intent to lease and a confirmed end-loan takeout. In general, loans made do not exceed 80% of the appraised value of the property. Commercial construction loans are typically made for periods not to exceed two years or date of occupancy, whichever is less.

Commercial Business. Although the Bancorp’s priority in extending various types of commercial business loans changes from time to time, the basic considerations in determining the makeup of the commercial business loan portfolio are economic factors, regulatory requirements and money market conditions. The Bancorp seeks commercial loan relationships from the local business community and from its present customers. Conservative lending policies based upon sound credit analysis governs the extension of commercial credit. The following loans, although not inclusive, are considered preferable for the Bancorp’s commercial loan portfolio: loans collateralized by liquid assets; loans secured by general use machinery and equipment; secured short‑term working capital loans to established businesses secured by business assets; short‑term loans with established sources of repayment and secured by sufficient equity and real estate; and unsecured loans to customers whose character and capacity to repay are firmly established.

Consumer Loans. The Bancorp offers consumer loans to individuals for personal, household or family purposes. Consumer loans are either secured by adequate collateral, or unsecured. Unsecured loans are based on the strength of the applicant’s financial condition. All borrowers must meet current underwriting standards. The consumer loan program includes both fixed and variable rate products.

Manufactured Homes. The Bancorp purchases fixed rate closed loans from a third party that are subject to Bancorp’s underwriting requirements and secured by manufactured homes. The maturity date on these loans can range up to 25 years. In addition, these loans have a reserve account held at the Bancorp.

Government Loans. The Bancorp is permitted to purchase non-rated municipal securities, tax anticipation notes and warrants within the local market area.

Loans receivable are summarized below:

(Dollars in thousands)
	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Loans secured by real estate:
Residential real estate	$	444,753	$	260,134
Home equity		34,284		34,612
Commercial real estate		408,375		317,145
Construction and land development		150,810		123,822
Multifamily		234,267		61,194
Total loans secured by real estate		1,272,489		796,907
Commercial business		112,396		115,772
Consumer		924		582
Manufactured homes		38,636		37,887
Government		8,176		8,991
Loans receivable		1,432,621		960,139
Add (less):
Net deferred loan origination costs		6,700		6,810
Undisbursed loan funds		407		(229	)
Loans receivable, net of deferred fees and costs	$	1,439,728	$	966,720

(Dollars in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Charge-offs			Recoveries		Provisions			Ending Balance

The Bancorp's activity in the allowance for loan losses, by loan segment, is summarized below for the three months ended March 31, 2022:

Allowance for loan losses:
Residential real estate	$	2,480	$	-		$	21	$	(8	)	$	2,493
Home equity		357		-			-		(3	)		354
Commercial real estate		5,515		-			-		15			5,530
Construction and land development		2,119		-			-		16			2,135
Multifamily		848		-			-		41			889
Commercial business		2,009		-			31		(99	)		1,941
Consumer		15		(10	)		2		38			45
Manufactured homes		-		-			-		-			-
Government		-		-			-		-			-
Total	$	13,343	$	(10	)	$	54	$	-		$	13,387

The Bancorp's activity in the allowance for loan losses, by loan segment, is summarized below for the three months ended March 31, 2021:

Allowance for loan losses:
Residential real estate	$	2,211	$	(4	)	$	10	$	(41	)	$	2,176
Home equity		276		(1	)		-		34			309
Commercial real estate		5,406		-			-		320			5,726
Construction and land development		1,405		-			-		182			1,587
Multifamily		626		-			-		54			680
Commercial business		2,508		-			8		36			2,552
Consumer		26		(6	)		4		(7	)		17
Manufactured homes		-		-			-		-			-
Government		-		-			-		-			-
Total	$	12,458	$	(11	)	$	22	$	578		$	13,047

A deferred cost reserve is maintained for the portfolio of manufactured home loans that have been purchased. This reserve is available for use for manufactured home loan nonperformance and costs associated with nonperformance. If the segment performs in line with expectation, the deferred cost reserve is paid as an origination cost to the third party originator of the loan. The unamortized balance of the deferred cost reserve totaled $5.5 million and $5.8 million as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and is included in net deferred loan origination fees and costs.

The Bancorp's impairment analysis is summarized below:

	Ending Balances

(Dollars in thousands)	Individually evaluated for impairment reserves		Collectively evaluated for impairment reserves		Loan receivables		Individually evaluated for impairment		Purchased credit impaired individually evaluated for impairment		Collectively evaluated for impairment

The Bancorp's allowance for loan losses impairment evaluation and loan receivables are summarized below at March 31, 2022:

Residential real estate	$	17	$	2,476	$	444,753	$	753	$	2,908	$	441,092
Home equity		4		350		34,284		135		134		34,015
Commercial real estate		440		5,090		408,375		1,496		2,965		403,914
Construction and land development		-		2,135		150,810		-		804		150,006
Multifamily		-		889		234,267		-		3,302		230,965
Commercial business		259		1,682		112,396		501		1,061		110,834
Consumer		-		45		924		-		21		903
Manufactured homes		-		-		38,636		-		-		38,636
Government		-		-		8,176		-		-		8,176
Total	$	720	$	12,667	$	1,432,621	$	2,885	$	11,195	$	1,418,541

The Bancorp's allowance for loan losses impairment evaluation and loan receivables are summarized below at December 31, 2021:

Residential real estate	$	17	$	2,463	$	260,134	$	755	$	1,016	$	258,363
Home equity		4		353		34,612		147		137		34,328
Commercial real estate		386		5,129		317,145		1,600		-		315,545
Construction and land development		-		2,119		123,822		-		-		123,822
Multifamily		-		848		61,194		-		556		60,638
Commercial business		277		1,732		115,772		524		1,073		114,175
Consumer		-		15		582		-		-		582
Manufactured homes		-		-		37,887		-		-		37,887
Government		-		-		8,991		-		-		8,991
Total	$	684	$	12,659	$	960,139	$	3,026	$	2,782	$	954,331

The Bancorp's credit quality indicators are summarized below at March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

	Credit Exposure - Credit Risk Portfolio By Creditworthiness Category
	March 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)	1-6		7		8

Loan Segment	Pass		Special mention		Substandard		Total
Residential real estate	$	435,814	$	2,308	$	6,631	$	444,753
Home equity		33,234		415		635		34,284
Commercial real estate		390,533		11,391		6,451		408,375
Construction and land development		146,407		4,403		-		150,810
Multifamily		229,705		1,532		3,030		234,267
Commercial business		108,605		3,395		396		112,396
Consumer		924		-		-		924
Manufactured homes		38,577		59		-		38,636
Government		8,176		-		-		8,176
Total	$	1,391,975	$	23,503	$	17,143	$	1,432,621

	December 31, 2021
(Dollars in thousands)	1-6		7		8

Loan Segment	Pass		Special mention		Substandard		Total
Residential real estate	$	253,472	$	2,940	$	3,722	$	260,134
Home equity		33,565		415		632		34,612
Commercial real estate		301,572		12,011		3,562		317,145
Construction and land development		120,192		3,630		-		123,822
Multifamily		60,657		153		384		61,194
Commercial business		113,470		1,915		387		115,772
Consumer		582		-		-		582
Manufactured homes		37,828		59		-		37,887
Government		8,991		-		-		8,991
Total	$	930,329	$	21,123	$	8,687	$	960,139

The Bancorp has established a standard loan grading system to assist management, lenders and review personnel in their analysis and supervision of the loan portfolio. The use and application of these grades by the Bancorp is uniform and conforms to regulatory definitions. The loan grading system is as follows:

1 – Superior Quality

Loans in this category are substantially risk free. Loans fully collateralized by a Bank certificate of deposit or Bank deposits with a hold are substantially risk free.

2 – Excellent Quality

The borrower generates excellent and consistent cash flow for debt coverage, excellent average credit scores, excellent liquidity and net worth and are reputable operators with over 15 years experience. Current and debt to tangible net worth ratios are excellent. Loan to value is substantially below policy and collateral condition is excellent.

3 – Great Quality

The borrower generates more than sufficient cash flow to fund debt service and cash flow is improving. Average credit scores are very strong. Operators are reputable with significant years of experience. Liquidity, net worth, current and debt to tangible net worth ratios are very strong. Loan to value is significantly below policy and collateral condition is significantly above average.

4 – Above Average Quality

The borrower generates more than sufficient cash flow to fund debt service but cash flow trends may be stable or slightly declining. Average credit scores are strong. The borrower is a reputable operator with many years of experience. Liquidity, net worth, current and debt to tangible net worth ratios are strong. Loan to value is below policy and collateral condition is above average.

5 – Average Quality

Borrowers are considered creditworthy and can repay the debt in the normal course of business, however, cash flow trends may be inconsistent or fluctuating. Average credit scores are satisfactory and years of experience is acceptable. Liquidity and net worth are satisfactory. Current and debt to tangible net worth ratios are average. Loan to value is slightly below policy and the collateral condition is slightly above average.

6 – Pass

Borrowers are considered credit worthy but financial condition may show signs of weakness due to internal or external factors. Cash flow trends may be declining annually. Average credit scores may be low but remain acceptable. Borrower has limited years of experience. Liquidity, net worth, current and debt to tangible net worth ratios are below average. Loan to value is nearing policy limits and collateral condition is average.

7 – Special Mention

A special mention asset has identified weaknesses that deserve Management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the institution’s credit position at some future date. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose an institution to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. There is still adequate protection by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged. The Special Mention rating is viewed as transitional and will be monitored closely.

Loans in this category may exhibit some of the following risk factors. Cash flow trends may be consistently declining or may be questionable. Debt coverage ratios may be at or near 1:1. Average credit scores may be very weak or the borrower may have minimal years of experience. Liquidity, net worth, current and debt to tangible net worth ratios may be very weak. Loan to value may be at policy limits or may exceed policy limits. Collateral condition may be below average.

8 – Substandard

This classification consists of loans which are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged. Financial statements normally reveal some or all of the following: poor trends, lack of earnings and cash flow, excessive debt, lack of liquidity, and the absence of creditor protection. Loans are still considered collectible, but due to increased risks and defined weaknesses of the credit, some loss could be incurred in collection if the deficiencies are not corrected.

9 – Doubtful

Such loans have been placed on nonaccrual status and may be heavily dependent upon collateral possessing a value that is difficult to determine or based upon some near-term event which lacks clear certainty. These loans have all of the weaknesses of those classified as Substandard; however, based on existing conditions, these weaknesses make full collection of the principal balance highly improbable.

10 – Loss

Loans that are considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuing to carry them as assets is not warranted.

Performing loans are loans that are paying as agreed and are approximately less than ninety days past due on payments of interest and principal.

During the three months ending March 31, 2022, four residential real estate loans totaling $194 thousand and one home equity loan totaling $7 thousand, were modified to include deferral of principal resulting troubled debt restructuring classification. During the three months ending March 31, 2021, two residential real estate loans to one customer totaling $150 thousand were modified to included deferral of principal resulting troubled debt restructuring classification. One residential real estate trouble debt restructuring loan totaling $39 thousand had subsequently defaulted during the three months ending March 31, 2021. All of the loans classified as troubled debt restructurings are also considered impaired. The valuation basis for the Bancorp’s troubled debt restructurings is based on the present value of cash flows, unless consistent cash flows are not present, then the fair value of the collateral securing the loan is the basis for valuation.

The Bancorp's individually evaluated impaired loans are summarized below:

(Dollars in thousands)							For the three months ended
(unaudited)	As of March 31, 2022						March 31, 2022
	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance recorded:
Residential real estate	$	3,575	$	5,070	$	-	$	2,629	$	30
Home equity		248		263		-		255		7
Commercial real estate		3,610		3,722		-		2,188		10
Construction and land development		804		920		-		460		-
Multifamily		3,302		4,241		-		2,036		-
Commercial business		1,247		1,363		-		1,226		15
Consumer		21		21		-		11		-
Manufactured homes		-		-		-		-		-
Government		-		-		-		-		-

With an allowance recorded:
Residential real estate	$	86	$	86	$	17	$	87	$	3
Home equity		21		21		4		22		1
Commercial real estate		851		852		440		843		-
Construction and land development		-		-		-		-		-
Multifamily		-		-		-		-		-
Commercial business		315		377		259		354		16
Consumer		-		-		-		-		-
Manufactured homes		-		-		-		-		-
Government		-		-		-		-		-

Total:
Residential real estate	$	3,661	$	5,156	$	17	$	2,716	$	33
Home equity	$	269	$	284	$	4	$	277	$	8
Commercial real estate	$	4,461	$	4,574	$	440	$	3,031	$	10
Construction & land development	$	804	$	920	$	-	$	460	$	-
Multifamily	$	3,302	$	4,241	$	-	$	2,036	$	-
Commercial business	$	1,562	$	1,740	$	259	$	1,580	$	31
Consumer	$	21	$	21	$	-	$	11	$	-
Manufactured homes	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Government	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-

							For the three months ended
	As of December 31, 2021						March 31, 2021
(Dollars in thousands)	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income Recognized
With no related allowance recorded:
Residential real estate	$	1,683	$	3,017	$	-	$	1,817	$	22
Home equity		262		275		-		341		4
Commercial real estate		765		765		-		1,174		12
Construction & land development		-		-		-		-		-
Multifamily		556		647		-		708		5
Commercial business		1,205		1,324		-		1,467		18
Consumer		-		-		-		-		-
Manufactured homes		-		-		-		-		-
Government		-		-		-		-		-

With an allowance recorded:
Residential real estate	$	88	$	88	$	17	$	217	$	5
Home equity		22		22		4		12		-
Commercial real estate		835		835		386		5,549		50
Construction & land development		-		-		-		-		-
Multifamily		-		-		-		-		-
Commercial business		392		392		277		737		11
Consumer		-		-		-		-		-
Manufactured homes		-		-		-		-		-
Government		-		-		-		-		-

Total:
Residential real estate	$	1,771	$	3,105	$	17	$	2,034	$	27
Home equity	$	284	$	297	$	4	$	353	$	4
Commercial real estate	$	1,600	$	1,600	$	386	$	6,723	$	62
Construction & land development	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Multifamily	$	556	$	647	$	-	$	708	$	5
Commercial business	$	1,597	$	1,716	$	277	$	2,204	$	29
Consumer	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Manufactured homes	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Government	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-

The Bancorp's age analysis of past due loans is summarized below:

(Dollars in thousands)	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater Than 90 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans		Recorded Investments Greater than 90 Days Past Due and Accruing
March 31, 2022
Residential real estate	$	3,056	$	1,388	$	3,528	$	7,972	$	436,781	$	444,753	$	117
Home equity		37		18		534		589		33,695		34,284		-
Commercial real estate		1,665		805		1,015		3,485		404,890		408,375		163
Construction and land development		2,513		-		-		2,513		148,297		150,810		-
Multifamily		55		18		111		184		234,083		234,267		-
Commercial business		970		-		583		1,553		110,843		112,396		214
Consumer		-		-		-		-		924		924		-
Manufactured homes		316		204		-		520		38,116		38,636		-
Government		-		-		-		-		8,176		8,176		-
Total	$	8,612	$	2,433	$	5,771	$	16,816	$	1,415,805	$	1,432,621	$	494

December 31, 2021
Residential real estate	$	2,507	$	824	$	2,142	$	5,473	$	254,661	$	260,134	$	31
Home equity		169		67		565		801		33,811		34,612		34
Commercial real estate		231		1,960		944		3,135		314,010		317,145		91
Construction and land development		5,148		283		-		5,431		118,391		123,822		-
Multifamily		-		-		109		109		61,085		61,194		-
Commercial business		573		1,594		242		2,409		113,363		115,772		49
Consumer		-		3		-		3		579		582		-
Manufactured homes		633		171		-		804		37,083		37,887		-
Government		-		-		-		-		8,991		8,991		-
Total	$	9,261	$	4,902	$	4,002	$	18,165	$	941,974	$	960,139	$	205

The Bancorp's loans on nonaccrual status are summarized below:

(Dollars in thousands)
	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Residential real estate	$	5,710	$	4,651
Home equity		620		623
Commercial real estate		1,263		940
Construction and land development		-		-
Multifamily		447		455
Commercial business		374		387
Consumer		-		-
Manufactured homes		-		-
Government		-		-
Total	$	8,414	$	7,056

As a result of acquisition activity, the Bancorp acquired loans for which there was evidence of credit quality deterioration since origination and it was determined that it was probable that the Bancorp would be unable to collect all contractually required principal and interest payments. At March 31, 2022, total purchased credit impaired loans with unpaid principal balances totaled $13.2 million with a recorded investment of $11.2 million. At December 31, 2021, total purchased credit impaired loans with unpaid principal balances totaled $4.2 million with a recorded investment of $2.8 million

As part of the fair value of loans receivable, there was a net fair value discount for loans acquired of $6.4 million at March 31, 2022, compared to $1.1 million at December 31, 2021.

Accretable yield, or income recorded for the three months ended March 31, is as follows:

(dollars in thousands)	Total
2021	$	305
2022		107

Accretable yield, or income expected to be recorded in the future is as follows:

(dollars in thousands)	Total
Remainder 2022	$	719
2023		804
2024		623
2025		605
2026 and thereafter		3,671
Total	$	6,422

Note 6 – Intangibles and Acquisition Related Accounting

The Bancorp established a goodwill balance totaling $11.7 million with the acquisition of Royal, and also maintains goodwill balances totaling $11.1 million from prior acquisitions. Goodwill is tested annually for impairment. Goodwill arising from business combinations represents the value attributable to unidentifiable intangible assets in the business acquired. The Bancorp’s goodwill relates to the value inherent in the banking industry and that value is dependent upon the ability of the Bancorp to provide quality, cost effective banking services in a competitive marketplace. If the implied fair value of goodwill is lower than its carrying amount, goodwill impairment is indicated and goodwill is written down to its implied fair value. There has not been any impairment of goodwill identified or recorded. Goodwill totaled $22.8 million and $11.1 million as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

In addition to goodwill, a core deposit intangible was established with the acquisition of Royal and from previous acquisitons. The Bancorp had core deposit intangible balances of $6.0 million and $3.1 million as of March 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively. The table below summarizes the annual amortization:

The amortization recorded for the three months ended March 31, is as follows:

(dollars in thousands)	Total
2021	$	248
2022	$	347

Amortization to be recorded in future periods, is as follows:

(dollars in thousands)	Total
Current year		1,205
2023		1,522
2024		1,411
2025		688
5 years and thereafter		1,172
Total	$	5,998

For the Royal acquisition, as part of the fair value of certificates of deposit, a fair value premium was established of $1.0 million. Approximately $129 thousand of amortization was taken as income during the three months ended March 31, 2022. It is estimated amortization to be recorded in future periods is as follows, an additional $412 thousand in 2022, $217 thousand in 2023, $124 thousand in 2024, $72 thousand in 2025, and $55 thousand thereafter.

Note 7 - Concentrations of Credit Risk

The primary lending area of the Bancorp encompasses Lake County in northwest Indiana and Cook County in northeast Illinois, where collectively a majority of loan activity is concentrated. The Bancorp is also an active lender in Porter County, and to a lesser extent, LaPorte, Newton and Jasper counties in Indiana; and DuPage, Lake, and Will counties in Illinois. Substantially all loans are secured by specific items of collateral including residences, commercial real estate, land development, business assets and consumer assets.

Note 8 - Earnings per Share

Earnings per common share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding. A reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted earnings per common share computations for the three months ended March 31, 2022, and 2021 are as follows:

(dollars in thousands except per share data)	Period ended March 31,
	2022		2021
Basic earnings per common share:
Net income as reported	$	2,135	$	4,543
Weighted average common shares outstanding		4,020,815		3,471,604
Basic earnings per common share	$	0.53	$	1.31

Diluted earnings per common share:
Net income as reported	$	2,135	$	4,543
Weighted average common shares outstanding		4,020,815		3,471,604
Weighted average common and dilutive potential common shares outstanding		4,020,815		3,471,604
Diluted earnings per common share	$	0.53	$	1.31

Note 9 - Stock Based Compensation

The Bancorp’s 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “Plan”), which was adopted by the Bancorp’s Board of Directors on February 27, 2015, and approved by the Bancorp’s shareholders on April 24, 2015, permits the grant of equity awards for up to 250,000 shares of common stock. Awards granted under the Plan may be in the form of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, restricted stock, unrestricted stock, performance shares, or performance units.

As required by the Stock Compensation Topic, companies are required to record compensation cost for stock options and awards provided to employees in return for employment service. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, stock based compensation expense of $169 thousand was recorded, compared to $146 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2021. It is anticipated that current outstanding unvested awards will result in additional compensation expense of approximately $1.6 million through 2025 with an weighted average life of 1.9 years.

There were 18,891 shares of restricted stock granted during the first three months of 2022 compared to 17,716 shares granted during the first three months of 2021. Restricted stock awards are issued with an award price equal to the market price of the Bancorp’s common stock on the award date and vest between three and five years after the grant date. Forfeiture provisions exist for personnel that separate employment before the vesting period expires. A summary of restricted stock activity under the Bancorp’s Plan described above for the three months ended March 31, 2022, follows:

Non-vested Shares	Shares			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at January 1, 2022		44,235		$	42.33
Granted		18,891			47.96
Vested		(10,863	)		41.56
Forfeited		(513	)		44.17
Non-vested at March 31, 2022		51,750		$	44.53

Note 10 – Change in Accounting Principles

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12 which remove specific exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740 in GAAP. It eliminates the need for an organization to analyze whether the following apply in a given period: exception to the incremental approach for intraperiod tax allocation; exceptions to accounting for basis differences where there are ownership changes in foreign investments; and exception in interim period income tax accounting for year-to-date losses that exceed anticipated losses. It also improves financial statement preparers’ application of income tax-related guidance and simplifies GAAP for: franchise taxes that are partially based on income; transactions with a government that result in a step up in the tax basis of goodwill; separate financial statements of legal entities that are not subject to tax; and enacts changes in tax laws in interim periods. The guidance is effective for public business entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Bancorp adopted ASU 2019-12 on January 1, 2021 and it did not have a material impact on its accounting and disclosures.

Note 11 - Upcoming Accounting Standards

In June 2016, FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The ASU includes increased disclosures and various changes to the accounting and measurement of financial assets including the Bancorp’s loans and available-for-sale debt securities. Each financial asset presented on the balance sheet would have a unique allowance for credit losses valuation account that is deducted from the amortized cost basis to present the net carrying value at the amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. The amendments in this ASU also eliminate the probable initial recognition threshold in current GAAP and instead, reflect an entity’s current estimate of all expected credit losses using reasonable and supportable forecasts. In October 2019, the FASB voted and approved proposed changes to the effective date of this ASU for smaller reporting companies, such as the Bancorp, and other non-SEC reporting entities. The approval changed the effective date of the ASU to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal periods. The new credit loss guidance will be effective for the Bancorp's as of January 1, 2023. Upon adoption, the ASU will be applied using a modified retrospective transition method to the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is effective. A prospective transition approach is required for debt securities for which an other-than-temporary impairment had been recognized before the effective date. Early adoption for all institutions is permitted for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Management is in the process of evaluating the impact adoption of this update will have on the Bancorp’s consolidated financial statements. This process of evaluation has engaged multiple areas of the Bancorp’s management in discussing loss estimation methods and the application of these methods to specific segments of the loans receivable portfolio. Management has been actively monitoring developments and evaluating the use of different methods allowed. Due to continuing development of understanding of application, additional time is required to understand how this ASU will affect the Bancorp’s financial statements. Management plans on running parallel calculations and finalizing a method or methods of adoption in time for the effective date.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04 “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting.” These amendments provide temporary optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. The ASU provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. It is intended to help stakeholders during the global market-wide reference rate transition period. In January 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-01 which clarifies that certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic 848 for contract modifications and hedge accounting apply to derivatives that are affected by the discounting transition. The guidance is effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020, through December 31, 2022. The Bancorp is implementing a transition plan to identify and modify its loans and other financial instruments with attributes that are either directly or indirectly influenced by LIBOR. The Bancorp believes the adoption of this guidance on activities after December 31, 2020, through December 31, 2022, will not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08 related to accounting for acquired revenue contracts with customers in a business combination. The amendments in this update address diversity in practice and inconsistency related to recognition of an acquired contract liability and the effect of payment terms on subsequent revenue recognition for the acquirer. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. We plan to adopt this pronouncement for our fiscal year beginning January 1, 2023, and we do not expect it to have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-01 related to the portfolio layer method of hedge accounting. The amendments in this update clarify the accounting and promote consistency in reporting for hedges where the portfolio layer method is applied. This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods within those fiscal years. As we currently do not have items accounted for under the portfolio layer method of hedge accounting, we do not expect the update to have an effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-02, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures, which addresses and amends areas identified by the FASB as part of its post-implementation review of the accounting standard that introduced the CECL model. The amendments eliminate the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings by companies that have adopted the CECL model and enhance the disclosure requirements for loan refinancings and restructurings made with borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. In addition, the amendments require disclosure of current-period gross writeoffs for financing receivables and net investment in leases by year of origination in the vintage disclosures. ASU 2022-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years for entities that have adopted the CECL accounting standard. Early adoption, however, is permitted if an entity has adopted the CECL accounting standard. The Bancorp is assessing ASU 2022-02 and its impact on its accounting and disclosures.

Note 12 – Derivative Financial Instruments

The Bancorp uses derivative financial instruments to help manage exposure to interest rate risk and the effects that changes in interest rates may have on net income and the fair value of assets and liabilities. The Bancorp has certain interest rate derivative positions that are not designated as hedging instruments. Derivative assets and liabilities are recorded at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and do not take into account the effects of master netting agreements. Master netting agreements allow the Bancorp to settle all derivative contracts held with a single counterparty on a net basis, and to offset net derivative positions with related collateral, where applicable. These derivative positions relate to transactions in which the Bancorp enters into an interest rate swap with a client while at the same time entering into an offsetting interest rate swap with another financial institution. In connection with each transaction, the Bancorp agrees to pay interest to the client on a notional amount at a variable interest rate and receive interest from the client on the same notional amount at a fixed interest rate. At the same time, the Bancorp agrees to pay another financial institution the same fixed interest rate on the same notional amount and receive the same variable interest rate on the same notional amount. The transaction allows the client to effectively convert a variable rate loan to a fixed rate. Because the terms of the swaps with the customers and the other financial institutions offset each other, with the only difference being counterparty credit risk, changes in the fair value of the underlying derivative contracts are not materially different and do not significantly impact the Bancorp’s results of operations.

The Bancorp enters into commitments to originate loans whereby the interest rate on the loan is determined prior to funding (i.e., interest rate lock commitment). The interest rate lock commitments are considered derivatives and are recorded on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets at fair value in accordance with FASB ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging.

The following table shows the amounts of non-hedging derivative financial instruments:

March 31, 2022
			Asset derivatives			Liability derivatives
(Dollars in thousands)	Notational or contractual amount		Statement of Financial Condition classification	Fair value		Statement of Financial Condition classification		Fair value
Interest rate swap contracts	$	93,890	Other assets	$	4,990	Other liabilties		$	4,990
Interest rate lock commitments		8,738	Other assets		166		N/A		-
Total	$	102,628		$	5,156			$	4,990

December 31, 2021
			Asset derivatives			Liability derivatives
(Dollars in thousands)	Notational or contractual amount		Statement of Financial Condition classification	Fair value		Statement of Financial Condition classification		Fair value
Interest rate swap contracts	$	94,154	Other assets	$	2,686	Other liabilties		$	2,686
Interest rate lock commitments		7,837	Other assets		141		N/A		-
Total	$	101,991		$	2,827			$	2,686

The following table shows the amounts included in the Statements of Income for non-hedging derivative financial instruments:

		Three Months Ended
		March 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	Statement of Income Classification	2022		2021
Interest rate swap contracts	Fees and service charges	$	-	$	(13	)
Interest rate lock commitments	Gain on sale of loans held-for-sale, net		25		23
Total		$	25	$	10

The following table shows the offsetting of financial assets and derivative assets:

	Gross Amounts of		Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of		Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Statement		Gross Amounts not Offset in the Statement of Financial Condition
(Dollars in thousands)	Recognized Assets		Financial Condition		of Financial Condition		Financial Instruments		Cash Collateral Received		Net Amount
March 31, 2022
Interest rate swap contracts	$	4,990	$	-	$	4,990	$	-	$	-	$	4,990
Interest rate lock commitments		166		-		166		-		-		166
Total	$	5,156	$	-	$	5,156	$	-	$	-	$	5,156

	Gross Amounts of		Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of		Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Statement		Gross Amounts not Offset in the Statement of Financial Condition
(Dollars in thousands)	Recognized Liabilities		Financial Condition		of Financial Condition		Financial Instruments		Cash Collateral Received		Net Amount
December 31, 2021
Interest rate swap contracts	$	2,686	$	-	$	2,686	$	-	$	-	$	2,686
Interest rate lock commitments		141		-		141		-		-		141
Total	$	2,827	$	-	$	2,827	$	-	$	-	$	2,827

The following table shows the offsetting of financial liabilities and derivative liabilities:

	Gross Amounts of		Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of		Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Statement of		Gross Amounts not Offset in the Statement of Financial Condition
(Dollars in thousands)	Recognized Liabilities		Financial Condition		Financial Condition		Financial Instruments		Cash Collateral Pledged		Net Amount
March 31, 2022
Interest rate swap contracts	$	4,990	$	-	$	4,990	$	-	$	3,930	$	1,060
Total	$	4,990	$	-	$	4,990	$	-	$	3,930	$	1,060

	Gross Amounts of		Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of		Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Statement of		Gross Amounts not Offset in the Statement of Financial Condition
(Dollars in thousands)	Recognized Liabilities		Financial Condition		Financial Condition		Financial Instruments		Cash Collateral Pledged		Net Amount
December 31, 2021
Interest rate swap contracts	$	2,686	$	-	$	2,686	$	-	$	3,930	$	(1,244	)
Total	$	2,686	$	-	$	2,686	$	-	$	3,930	$	(1,244	)

Note 13 - Fair Value

The Fair Value Measurements Topic establishes a hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The Topic describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the entity has the ability to access as of the measurement date.

Level 2: Significant other observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3: Significant unobservable inputs that reflect a reporting entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability.

The fair values of securities available-for-sale are determined on a recurring basis by obtaining quoted prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges or pricing models utilizing significant observable inputs such as matrix pricing, which is a mathematical technique widely used in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities. Different judgments and assumptions used in pricing could result in different estimates of value. In certain cases where market data is not readily available because of a lack of market activity or little public disclosure, values may be based on unobservable inputs and classified in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

At the end of each reporting period, securities held in the investment portfolio are evaluated on an individual security level for other-than-temporary impairment in accordance with GAAP. Impairment is other-than-temporary if the decline in the fair value is below its amortized cost and it is probable that all amounts due according to the contractual terms of a debt security will not be received. Significant judgments are required in determining impairment, which include making assumptions regarding the estimated prepayments, loss assumptions and the change in interest rates. The Bancorp considers the following factors when determining an other-than-temporary impairment for a security: the length of time and the extent to which the market value has been less than amortized cost; the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer; the underlying fundamentals of the relevant market and the outlook for such market for the near future; an assessment of whether the Bancorp (1) has the intent to sell the debt securities or (2) more likely than not will be required to sell the debt securities before their anticipated market recovery. If either of these conditions is met, management will recognize other-than-temporary impairment. If, in management’s judgment, an other-than-temporary impairment exists, the cost basis of the security will be written down for the credit loss, and the unrealized loss will be transferred from accumulated other comprehensive loss as an immediate reduction of current earnings.

The Bancorp’s management utilizes a specialist to perform an other-than-temporary impairment analysis for each of its pooled trust preferred securities. The analysis is performed annually during December and utilizes analytical models used to project future cash flows for the pooled trust preferred securities based on current assumptions for prepayments, default and deferral rates, and recoveries. The projected cash flows are then tested for impairment consistent with GAAP. The other-than-temporary impairment testing compares the present value of the cash flows from quarter to quarter to determine if there is a “favorable” or “adverse” change. Other-than-temporary impairment is recorded if the projected present value of cash flows is lower than the book value of the security. To perform the annual other-than-temporary impairment analysis, management utilizes current reports issued by the trustee, which contain principal and interest tests, waterfall distributions, note valuations, collection detail and credit ratings for each pooled trust preferred security. In addition, a detailed review of the performing collateral was performed. Based on current market conditions and a review of the trustee reports, management performed an analysis of the pooled trust preferred securities and no additional impairment was taken at December 31, 2021. A specialist will be used to review all pooled trust preferred securities again at December 31, 2022.

The table below shows the credit loss roll forward on a year-to-date basis for the Bancorp’s pooled trust preferred securities that have been classified with other-than-temporary impairment:

	(Dollars in thousands)
	Collateralized debt obligations
	other-than-temporary impairment
Ending balance, December 31, 2021	$	173
Additions not previously recognized		-
Ending balance,March 31, 2022	$	173

At March 31, 2022, trust preferred securities with a cost basis of $2.2 million continue to be in “payment in kind” status. These trust preferred securities classified as “payment in kind” are a result of not receiving the scheduled quarterly interest payments. For these trust preferred securities in “payment in kind” status, management anticipates to receive the unpaid contractual interest payments from the issuer, because of the self-correcting cash flow waterfall provisions within the structure of the securities. When a tranche senior to the Bancorp’s position fails the coverage test, the Bancorp’s interest cash flows are paid to the senior tranche and recorded as a reduction of principal. The coverage test represents an over collateralization target by stating the balance of the performing collateral as a percentage of the balance of the Bancorp’s tranche, plus the balance of all senior tranches. The principal reduction in the senior tranche continues until the appropriate coverage test is passed. As a result of the principal reduction in the senior tranche, more cash is available for future payments to the Bancorp’s tranche. Consistent with GAAP, management considered the failure of the issuer of the security to make scheduled interest payments in determining whether a credit loss existed. Management will not capitalize the “payment in kind” interest payments to the book value of the securities and will keep these securities in non-accrual status until the quarterly interest payments resume on a consistent basis.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

There were no transfers to or from Levels 1 and 2 during the three months ended March 31, 2022. Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below:

			(Dollars in thousands)
			Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2022 Using
(Dollars in thousands)	Estimated Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Interest rate swap contracts	$	4,990	$	-	$	4,990	$	-
Interest rate lock commitments		166		-		166		-
Available-for-sale debt securities:
U.S. government sponsored entities		8,202		-		8,202		-
U.S. treasury securities		199		-		199		-
Collateralized mortgage obligations and residential mortgage-backed securities		164,123		-		164,123		-
Municipal securities		290,824		-		290,824		-
Collateralized debt obligations		972		-		-		972
Total securities available-for-sale	$	464,320	$	-	$	463,348	$	972

Liabilities:
Interest rate swap contracts	$	4,990	$	-	$	4,990	$	-

			(Dollars in thousands)
			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2021 Using
(Dollars in thousands)	Estimated Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Interest rate swap contracts	$	2,686	$	-	$	2,686	$	-
Interest rate lock commitments		141		-		141		-
Available-for-sale debt securities:
U.S. government sponsored entities		8,669		-		8,669		-
U.S. treasury securities		400		-		400		-
Collateralized mortgage obligations and residential mortgage-backed securities		184,701		-		184,701		-
Municipal securities		332,127		-		332,127		-
Collateralized debt obligations		992		-		-		992
Total securities available-for-sale	$	526,889	$	-	$	525,897	$	992

Liabilities:
Interest rate swap contracts	$	2,686	$	-	$	2,686	$	-

A roll forward of available-for-sale securities, which require significant adjustment based on unobservable data, are presented in the following table:

	(Dollars in thousands)
	Estimated Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	Available-for- sale securities
Beginning balance, January 1, 2021	$	929
Principal payments		(5	)
Total unrealized losses, included in other comprehensive income		20
Ending balance, March 31, 2021	$	944

Beginning balance, January 1, 2022	$	992
Principal payments		-
Total unrealized gains, included in other comprehensive income		(20	)
Ending balance, March 31, 2022	$	972

Assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis are summarized below:

			(Dollars in thousands)
			Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2022 Using
(Dollars in thousands)	Estimated Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Impaired loans	$	151	$	-	$	-	$	151

			(Dollars in thousands)
			Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2021 Using
(Dollars in thousands)	Estimated Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Impaired loans	$	896	$	-	$	-	$	896

Fair value is determined, where possible, using market prices derived from an appraisal or evaluation, which are considered to be Level 2 inputs. However, certain assumptions and unobservable inputs are often used by the appraiser, therefore, qualifying the assets as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value of foreclosed real estate is similarly determined by using the results of recent real estate appraisals. The numerical range of unobservable inputs for these valuation assumptions is not meaningful to this presentation.

The following table shows carrying values and related estimated fair values of financial instruments as of the dates indicated. Estimated fair values are further categorized by the inputs used to measure fair value. Items that are not financial instruments are not included.

	March 31, 2022				Estimated Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2022 Using
(Dollars in thousands)	Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	54,501	$	54,501	$	54,501	$	-	$	-
Certificates of deposit in other financial institutions		1,731		1,650		-		1,650		-
Loans held-for-sale		1,420		1,445		-		1,445		-
Loans receivable, net		1,426,341		1,382,030		-		-		1,382,030
Federal Home Loan Bank stock		3,038		3,038		-		3,038		-
Accrued interest receivable		7,427		7,427		-		7,427		-

Financial liabilities:
Non-interest bearing deposits		380,515		380,515		380,515		-		-
Interest bearing deposits		1,514,696		1,513,699		1,084,309		429,390		-
Repurchase agreements		23,239		23,150		12,939		10,211		-
Borrowed funds		5		5		5		-		-
Accrued interest payable		42		42		-		42		-

	December 31, 2021				Estimated Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2021 Using
(Dollars in thousands)	Carrying Value		Estimated Fair Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	33,176	$	33,176	$	33,176	$	-	$	-
Certificates of deposit in other financial institutions		1,709		1,737		-		1,737		-
Loans held-for-sale		4,987		5,065		-		5,065		-
Loans receivable, net		953,377		951,744		-		-		951,744
Federal Home Loan Bank stock		3,247		3,247		-		3,247		-
Accrued interest receivable		5,444		5,444		-		5,444		-

Financial liabilities:
Non-interest bearing deposits		295,294		295,294		295,294		-		-
Interest bearing deposits		1,138,907		1,139,126		899,690		239,436		-
Repurchase agreements		14,581		14,579		12,842		1,737		-
Borrowed funds		-		-		-		-		-
Accrued interest payable		22		22		-		22		-

The following methods were used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments presented in the preceding table for the periods ended March 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021:

Cash and cash equivalent carrying amounts approximate fair value. Certificates of deposits in other financial institutions carrying amounts approximate fair value (Level 2). The fair values of securities available-for-sale are obtained from broker pricing (Level 2), with the exception of collateralized debt obligations, which are valued by a third-party specialist (Level 3). Loans held-for-sale comprise residential mortgages and are priced based on values established by the secondary mortgage markets (Level 1). The estimated fair value for net loans receivable is based on the exit price notion which is the exchange price that would be received to transfer the loans at the most advantageous market price in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date (Level 3). Federal Home Loan Bank stock is estimated at book value due to restrictions that limit the sale or transfer of the security. Interest rate swap agreements, both assets and liabilities, are valued by a third-party pricing agent using an income approach (Level 2). Fair values of accrued interest receivable and payable approximate book value, as the carrying values are determined using the observable interest rate, balance, and last payment date.

Non-interest and interest bearing deposits, which include checking, savings, and money market deposits, are estimated to have fair values based on the amount payable as of the reporting date (Level 1). The fair value of fixed-maturity certificates of deposit (included in interest bearing deposits) are based on estimates of the rate the Bancorp would pay on similar deposits, applied for the time period until maturity (Level 2). Estimated fair values for short-term repurchase agreements, which represent sweeps from demand deposits to accounts secured by pledged securities, are estimated based on the amount payable as of the reporting date (Level 1). Longer-term repurchase agreements, with contractual maturity dates of three months or more, are based on estimates of the rate the Bancorp would pay on similar deposits, applied for the time period until maturity (Level 2). Short-term borrowings are generally only held overnight, therefore, their carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value (Level 1). The fair value of FHLB Advances are estimated by discounting the future cash flows using quoted rates from the FHLB for similar advances with similar maturities (Level 2). The estimated fair value of other financial instruments, and off-balance sheet loan commitments, approximate cost and are not considered significant to this presentation.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Summary

Finward Bancorp (the “Bancorp”) is a financial holding company registered with the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Peoples Bank (the “Bank”), an Indiana commercial bank, and NWIN Risk Management, Inc., a captive insurance company, are wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Bancorp. The Bancorp has no other business activity other than being a holding company for the Bank and NWIN Risk Management, Inc. The following management’s discussion and analysis presents information concerning our financial condition as of March 31, 2022, as compared to December 31, 2021, and the results of operations for the three months ending March 31, 2022, and March 31, 2021. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and other financial data presented elsewhere herein and with the financial statements and other financial data, as well as the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

At March 31, 2022, the Bancorp had total assets of $2.1 billion, total loans receivable, net of deferred fees and costs of $1.4 billion and total deposits of $1.9 billion. Stockholders' equity totaled $157.6 million or 7.51% of total assets, with a book value per share of $36.71. Net income for the three months ended March 31, 2022, was $2.1 million, or $0.53 earnings per common share for both basic and diluted calculations. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the return on average assets (ROA) was 0.44%, while the return on average stockholders’ equity (ROE) was 5.01%.

Recent Developments

Acquisition of Royal Financial, Inc. On January 31, 2022, the Bancorp completed its acquisition of Royal Financial, Inc. (“RYFL”) pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger dated July 28, 2021 (the “Merger Agreement”) between the Bancorp and RYFL. Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, RYFL merged with and into the Bancorp, with the Bancorp as the surviving corporation (the “RYFL Merger”). Simultaneous with the RYFL Merger, Royal Savings Bank, an Illinois state-chartered savings bank and wholly-owned subsidiary of RYFL, merged with and into the Bank, with the Bank as the surviving institution.

Under the terms of the Merger Agreement, RYFL stockholders who owned 101 or more shares of RYFL common stock were permitted to elect to receive either 0.4609 shares of Finward common stock or $20.14 in cash, or a combination of both, for each share of RYFL common stock owned, subject to proration and allocation provisions such that 65% of the shares of RYFL common stock outstanding immediately prior to the closing of the merger were converted into the right to receive shares of Finward common stock and the remaining 35% of the outstanding RYFL shares were converted into the right to receive cash. Stockholders holding less than 101 shares of RYFL common stock received fixed consideration of $20.14 in cash and no stock consideration for each share of RYFL common stock.

As a result of RYFL stockholder stock and cash elections and the related allocation and proration provisions of the Merger Agreement, Finward issued 795,423 shares of its common stock and paid cash consideration of approximately $18.7 million in the RYFL Merger. Based on the January 28, 2022 closing price of $47.75 per share of Finward common stock, the transaction had an implied valuation of approximately $56.7 million. The acquisition further expanded the Bank’s banking center network in Cook County and DuPage County, Illinois, expanding the Bank’s full-service retail banking network.

Financial Condition

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, total assets increased by $477.1 million (29.4%), with interest-earning assets increasing by $419.5 million (27.5%). Interest-earning assets totaled $1.9 billion at March 31, 2022, and $1.5 billion at December 31, 2021. Earning assets represented 92.6% of total assets at March 31, 2022, and 94.0% of total assets at December 31, 2021. The increase in total assets and interest earning assets for the three months was primarily the result of the acquisition of Royal.

Net loans receivable totaled $1.4 billion at March 31, 2022, compared to $966.7 million at December 31, 2021. The loan portfolio, which is the Bancorp’s largest asset, is the primary source of both interest and fee income. The Bancorp’s lending strategy emphasizes quality loan growth, product diversification, and competitive and profitable pricing.

The Bancorp’s end-of-period loan balances were as follows:

	(unaudited)
	March 31,					December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2022					2021
	Balance		% Loans			Balance			% Loans

Residential real estate	$	444,753		31.0	%		260,134			33.0	%
Home equity		34,284		2.4	%		34,612			5.4	%
Commercial real estate		408,375		28.5	%		317,145			31.2	%
Construction and land development		150,810		10.5	%		123,822			9.7	%
Multifamily		234,267		16.4	%		61,194			5.7	%
Consumer		924		0.1	%		582			0.1	%
Manufactured Homes		38,636		2.7	%		37,887			1.8	%
Commercial business		112,396		7.8	%		115,772			11.4	%
Government		8,176		0.6	%		8,991			1.7	%
Loans receivable		1,432,621		100.0	%		960,139			100.0	%
Plus
Net deferred loans origination costs		6,700					6,810
Undisbursed loan funds		407					(229	)
Loans receivable, net of deferred fees and costs	$	1,439,728				$	966,720

Adjustable rate loans / loans receivable	$	654,902		45.7	%	$	542,975			56.6	%

	(unaudited)
	March 31,			December 31,
	2022			2021

Loans receivable to total assets		68.6	%		59.6	%
Loans receivable to earning assets		74.1	%		63.4	%
Loans receivable to total deposits		76.0	%		67.4	%

The following table sets forth certain information at March 31, 2022, regarding the dollar amount of loans in the Bancorp’s portfolio based on their contractual terms to maturity. Demand loans, loans having no schedule of repayment and no stated maturity, and overdrafts are reported as due in one year or less. Contractual principal repayments of loans do not necessarily reflect the actual term of the loan portfolio. The average life of mortgage loans is substantially less than their contractual terms because of loan prepayments and because of enforcement of due-on-sale clauses, which give the Bancorp the right to declare a loan immediately due and payable in the event, among other things, that the borrower sells the property subject to the mortgage. The amounts are stated in thousands (000’s).

	Maturing		After one		After five
	within		but within		but within		After
	one year		five years		fifteen years		fifteen years		Total
Residential real estate	$	9,363	$	34,561	$	107,164	$	293,665		444,753
Home equity		3,767		21,328		8,826		363		34,284
Commercial real estate		22,631		111,991		270,678		3,075		408,375
Construction and land development		29,207		41,187		63,310		17,106		150,810
Multifamily		16,915		104,713		110,556		2,083		234,267
Farmland		-		-		-		-		-
Consumer		35		861		28		-		924
Manufactured Homes		-		59		10,760		27,817		38,636
Commercial business		44,914		51,377		15,585		520		112,396
Government		195		3,211		4,770		-		8,176
Total loans receivable	$	127,027	$	369,288	$	591,677	$	344,629	$	1,432,621

The Bancorp is primarily a portfolio lender. Mortgage banking activities historically have been limited to the sale of fixed rate mortgage loans with contractual maturities greater than 15 years. These loans are identified as held for sale when originated and sold, on a loan-by-loan basis, in the secondary market. The Bancorp will also retain fixed rate mortgage loans with a contractual maturity greater than 15 years on a limited basis. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Bancorp originated $15.7 million in new fixed rate mortgage loans for sale, compared to $49.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021. Net gains realized from the mortgage loan sales totaled $607 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to $2.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. At March 31, 2022, the Bancorp had $1.4 million in loans that were classified as held for sale, compared to $5.0 million at December 31, 2021.

Non-performing loans include those loans that are 90 days or more past due and those loans that have been placed on non-accrual status. At March 31, 2022, all non-performing loans are also accounted for on a non-accrual basis, except for two commercial business loans totaling $213 thousand, two commercial real estate loans totaling $163 thousand, and two residential real estate loans totaling $117 thousand that remained accruing and more than 90 days past due. The Bancorp at times will continue to classify loans as accruing, despite being over 90 days past due, for short periods of time when management has reason to believe payments are in process of being collected.

The Bancorp's nonperforming loans are summarized below:

(Dollars in thousands)	(unaudited)
Loan Segment	March 31, 2022			December 31, 2021
Residential real estate	$	5,827		$	4,682
Home equity		620			657
Commercial real estate		1,426			1,031
Construction and land development		-			-
Multifamily		447			455
Commercial business		588			436
Consumer		-			-
Manufactured homes		-			-
Government		-			-
Total	$	8,908		$	7,261
Nonperforming loans to total loans		0.62	%		0.75	%
Nonperforming loans to total assets		0.42	%		0.45	%

Substandard loans include non-performing loans and potential problem loans, where information about possible credit issues or other conditions causes management to question the ability of such borrowers to comply with loan covenants or repayment terms. No loans were internally classified as doubtful or loss at March 31, 2022 or December 31, 2021.

The Bancorp's substandard loans are summarized below:

(Dollars in thousands)	(unaudited)
Loan Segment	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Residential real estate	$	6,631	$	3,722
Home equity		635		632
Commercial real estate		6,451		3,562
Construction and land development		-		-
Multifamily		3,030		384
Commercial business		396		387
Consumer		-		-
Manufactured homes		-		-
Government		-		-
Total.	$	17,143	$	8,687

The increase in substandard loans is the result of loans acquired pursuant to the RYFL acquisition.

In addition to identifying and monitoring non-performing and other classified loans, management maintains a list of special mention loans. Special mention loans represent loans management is closely monitoring due to one or more factors that may cause the loan to become classified as substandard.

The Bancorp's special mention loans are summarized below:

(Dollars in thousands)	(unaudited)
Loan Segment	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Residential real estate	$	2,308	$	2,940
Home equity		415		415
Commercial real estate		11,391		12,011
Construction and land development		4,403		3,630
Multifamily		1,532		153
Commercial business		3,395		1,915
Consumer		-		-
Manufactured homes		59		59
Government		-		-
Total	$	23,503	$	21,123

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that a borrower will be unable to pay all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Typically, management does not individually classify smaller-balance homogeneous loans, such as residential mortgages or consumer loans, as impaired, unless they are troubled debt restructurings.

Purchased loans acquired in a business combination are recorded at estimated fair value on their purchase date. Purchased loans with evidence of credit quality deterioration since origination are considered purchased credit impaired loans. Expected future cash flows at the purchase date in excess of the fair value of loans are recorded as interest income over the life of the loans if the timing and amount of the future cash flows is reasonably estimable (“accretable yield”). The difference between contractually required payments and the cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition is referred to as the non-accretable difference and represents probable losses in the portfolio. In determining the acquisition date fair value of purchased credit impaired loans, and in subsequent accounting, the Bancorp aggregates these purchased loans into pools of loans by common risk characteristics, such as credit risk rating and loan type. Subsequent to the purchase date, increases in cash flows over those expected at the purchase date are recognized as interest income prospectively. Subsequent decreases to the expected cash flows will generally result in a provision for loan losses.

The Bancorp's impaired loans, including purchased credit impaired loans, are summarized below:
(Dollars in thousands)	(unaudited)
Loan Segment	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Residential real estate	$	3,661	$	1,771
Home equity		269		284
Commercial real estate		4,461		1,600
Construction and land development		804		-
Multifamily		3,302		556
Commercial business		1,562		1,597
Consumer		21		-
Manufactured homes		-		-
Government		-		-
Total	$	14,080	$	5,808

The increase in impaired loans is the result of purchase credit impaired loans acquired pursuant to the RYFL acquisition.

At times, the Bancorp will modify the terms of a loan to forego a portion of interest or principal or reduce the interest rate on the loan to a rate materially less than market rates, or materially extend the maturity date of a loan as part of a troubled debt restructuring. The valuation basis for the Bancorp’s troubled debt restructurings is based on the present value of expected future cash flows; unless consistent cash flows are not present, then the fair value of the collateral securing the loan is the basis for valuation.

The Bancorp's troubled debt restructured loans are summarized below:
(Dollars in thousands)	(unaudited)
Loan Segment	March 31, 2022		December 31, 2021
Residential real estate	$	532	$	342
Home equity		88		83
Commercial real estate		645		747
Construction and land development		-		-
Multifamily		-		-
Commercial business		681		694
Consumer		-		-
Manufactured homes		-		-
Government		-		-
Total	$	1,946	$	1,866

At March 31, 2022, management is of the opinion that there are no loans, where known information about possible credit problems of borrowers causes management to have serious doubts as to the ability of such borrowers to comply with the present loan repayment terms and which will imminently result in such loans being classified as past due, non-accrual or a troubled debt restructure. Management does not presently anticipate that any of the non-performing loans or classified loans would materially affect future operations, liquidity or capital resources.

The allowance for loan losses (ALL) is a valuation allowance for probable incurred credit losses, increased by the provision for loan losses, and decreased by charge-offs net of recoveries. A loan is charged‑off against the allowance by management as a loss when deemed uncollectible, although collection efforts continue and future recoveries may occur. The determination of the amounts of the ALL and provisions for loan losses is based on management’s current judgments about the credit quality of the loan portfolio with consideration given to all known relevant internal and external factors that affect loan collectability as of the reporting date. The appropriateness of the current period provision and the overall adequacy of the ALL are determined through a disciplined and consistently applied quarterly process that reviews the Bancorp’s current credit risk within the loan portfolio and identifies the required allowance for loan losses given the current risk estimates.

The Bancorp's provision for loan losses for the three months ended are
summarized below:
(Dollars in thousands)
	(unaudited)
Loan Segment	March 31, 2022			March 31, 2021
Residential real estate	$	(8	)	$	(41	)
Home equity		(3	)		34
Commercial real estate		15			320
Construction and land development		16			182
Multifamily		41			54
Commercial business		(99	)		36
Consumer		38			(7	)
Manufactured homes		-			-
Government		-			-
Total	$	-		$	578

The Bancorp's charge-off and recovery information is summarized below:
(Dollars in thousands)	(unaudited)
	As of March 31, 2022
Loan Segment	Charge-off			Recoveries		Net Charge-offs
Residential real estate	$	-		$	21	$	21
Home equity		-			-		-
Commercial real estate		-			-		-
Construction and land development		-			-		-
Multifamily		-			-		-
Commercial business		-			31		31
Consumer		(10	)		2		(8	)
Manufactured homes		-			-
Government		-			-		-
Total	$	(10	)	$	54	$	44

The Bancorp's charge-off and recovery information is summarized below:
(Dollars in thousands)	(unaudited)
	As of March 31, 2021
Loan Segment	Charge-off			Recoveries		Net Charge-offs
Residential real estate	$	(4	)	$	10	$	6
Home equity		(1	)		-		(1	)
Commercial real estate		-			-		-
Construction and land development		-			-		-
Multifamily		-			-		-
Farmland		-			-		-
Commercial business		-			8		8
Consumer		(6	)		4		(2	)
Manufactured homes		-			-
Government		-			-		-
Total	$	(11	)	$	22	$	11

The Bancorp's allowance to total loans and non-performing loans are
summarized below:
(Dollars in thousands)	(unaudited)
	March 31, 2022			December 31, 2021

Allowance for loan losses	$	13,387		$	13,343
Total loans	$	1,439,728		$	966,720
Non-performing loans	$	8,908		$	7,261
ALL-to-total loans		0.93	%		1.38	%
ALL-to-non-performing loans (coverage ratio)		150.3	%		183.8	%

The ALL provisions take into consideration management’s current judgments about the credit quality of the loan portfolio, loan portfolio balances, changes in the portfolio mix and local economic conditions. In determining the provision for loan losses for the current period, management has considered risks associated with the local economy, changes in loan balances and mix, and asset quality.

In addition, management considers additional reserves that have been established from acquisition activity. The Bancorp acquired loans for which there was evidence of credit quality deterioration since origination and it was determined that it was probable that the Bancorp would be unable to collect all contractually required principal and interest payments. At March 31, 2022, total purchased credit impaired loan reserves totaled $2.0 million compared to $1.4 million at December 31, 2021. Additionally, the Bancorp has acquired loans where there was no evidence of credit quality deterioration since origination and has marked these loans to their fair values. As part of the fair value of loans receivable, a net fair value discount was established for loans acquired and totaled $6.4 million at March 31, 2022, compared to $1.1 million at December 31, 2021. Details on these fair value marks and the additional reserves created can be found in Note 5, Loans Receivable.

The primary objective of the Bancorp’s investment portfolio is to provide for the liquidity needs of the Bancorp and to contribute to profitability by providing a stable flow of dependable earnings. Funds are generally invested in federal funds, interest bearing balances in other financial institutions, U.S. government securities, federal agency obligations, obligations of state and local municipalities and corporate securities. The securities portfolio, all of which is designated as available-for-sale, totaled $464.3 million at March 31, 2022, compared to $526.9 million at December 31, 2021, an increase of $62.6 million (11.9%). The decrease is attributable to increased unrealized losses within the portfolio and a return of liquidity from the securities portfolio. At March 31, 2022, the securities portfolio represented 23.9% of interest-earning assets and 22.1% of total assets compared to 34.6% of interest-earning assets and 32.5% of total assets at December 31, 2021.

The Bancorp’s end-of-period investment portfolio and other short-term investments and stock balances were as follows:

	(unaudited)
	March 31,					December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2022					2021
	Balance		% Securities			Balance		% Securities

U.S. government sponsored entities	$	8,202		1.8	%	$	8,669		1.6	%
U.S. treasury securities		199		0.1	%		400		0.1	%
Collateralized mortgage obligations and residential mortgage-backed securities		164,123		35.3	%		184,701		35.1	%
Municipal securities		290,824		62.6	%		332,127		63.0	%
Collateralized debt obligations		972		0.2	%		992		0.2	%
Total securities available-for-sale	$	464,320		100.0	%	$	526,889		100.0	%

	(unaudited)
	March 31,		December 31,		YTD
(Dollars in thousands)	2022		2021		Change
	Balance		Balance		$			%

Interest bearing deposits in other financial institutions	$	31,420	$	19,987	$	11,433			57.2	%
Fed funds sold		1,819		464		1,355			292.0	%
Certificates of deposit in other financial institutions		1,731		1,709		22			1.3	%
Federal Home Loan Bank stock		3,038		3,247		(209	)		-6.4	%

The net increase in interest bearing deposits in other financial institutions and fed funds sold is primarily the result of the RYFL acquisition.

Deposits are a fundamental and cost-effective source of funds for lending and other investment purposes. The Bancorp offers a variety of products designed to attract and retain customers, with the primary focus on building and expanding relationships.

The Bancorp’s end-of-period deposit portfolio balances were as follows:

	(unaudited)
	March 31,		December 31,		YTD
(Dollars in thousands)	2022		2021		Change
	Balance		Balance		$		%

Checking	$	731,340	$	629,038	$	102,302		16.3	%
Savings		425,634		293,976		131,658		44.8	%
Money market		307,850		271,970		35,880		13.2	%
Certificates of deposit		430,387		239,217		191,170		79.9	%
Total deposits	$	1,895,211	$	1,434,201	$	461,010		32.1	%

The following table presents the average daily amount of deposits and average rates paid on such deposits for the periods indicated. The amounts are stated inthousands (000’s).

	March 31, 2022
	(unaudited)				December 31, 2021
	Amount		Rate %		Amount		Rate %
Noninterest bearing demand deposits	$	343,176		-	$	280,900		-
Interest bearing demand deposits		336,441		0.06		297,012		0.08
MMDA accounts		308,377		0.11		253,468		0.13
Savings accounts		388,087		0.05		277,839		0.06
Certificates of deposit		361,539		0.16		271,882		0.46
Total deposits	$	1,737,620		0.08	$	1,381,101		0.18

As of March 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, approximately $549.7 million and $452.0 million, respectively, of our deposit portfolio was uninsured. The uninsured amounts are estimates based on the methodologies and assumptions used for the Bank's regulatory reporting requirements.

The overall increase in total deposits is a result of the RYFL acquisition, as well as management’s sales efforts along with customer preferences for competitively priced short-term liquid investments.

The Bancorp’s borrowed funds are primarily used to fund asset growth not supported by deposit generation. The Bancorp’s end-of-period borrowing balances were as follows:

	(unaudited)
	March 31,		December 31,		YTD
(Dollars in thousands)	2022		2021		Change
	Balance		Balance		$		%

Repurchase agreements	$	23,239	$	14,581	$	8,658		59.4	%
Borrowed funds		5		-		5		100.0	%
Total borrowed funds	$	23,244	$	14,581	$	8,663		59.4	%

Repurchase agreements increased as part of normal account fluctuations within that product line.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

For the Bancorp, liquidity management refers to the ability to generate sufficient cash to fund current loan demand, meet deposit withdrawals, and pay dividends and operating expenses. Because profit and liquidity are often conflicting objectives, management attempts to maximize the Bank’s net interest margin by making adequate, but not excessive, liquidity provisions. Furthermore, funds are managed so that future profits will not be significantly impacted as funding costs increase.

Changes in the liquidity position result from operating, investing and financing activities. Cash flows from operating activities are generally the cash effects of transactions and other events that enter into the determination of net income. The primary investing activities include loan originations, loan repayments, investments in interest bearing balances in other financial institutions, and the purchase, sale, and maturity of investment securities. Financing activities focus almost entirely on the generation of customer deposits. In addition, the Bancorp utilizes borrowings (i.e., repurchase agreements, FHLB advances and federal funds purchased) as a source of funds.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, cash and cash equivalents increased by $21.3 million compared to a $48.1 million increase for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The primary sources of cash and cash equivalents were cash and cash equivalents from acquisition activity, the sale of loans originated for sale, proceeds from the sale of securities, and proceeds from the maturity and paydown of securities. The primary uses of cash and cash equivalents were the purchase of securities, loan originations, and change in deposits. Cash provided by operating activities totaled $722 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to cash provided of $16.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. Cash provided from operating activities was primarily a result of net income and sale of loans originated for sale, offset by loans originated for sale and net change in accrued expenses and other liabilites. Cash inflows from investing activities totaled $27.2 million for the current period, compared to cash outflows of $27.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. Cash inflows from investing activities for the current three months were primarily related to the cash and cash equivalents from acquisition activity, net, and proceeds from the sales and maturities of securities, offset against the net change in loans receivable and purchase of securiites. Net cash outflows from financing activities totaled $6.6 million during the current period compared to net cash provided of $59.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The net cash outflows from financing activities were primarily a result of net change in deposits, offset against the change in other borrowed funds. On a cash basis, the Bancorp paid dividends on common stock of $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and March 31, 2021.

At March 31, 2022, outstanding commitments to fund loans totaled $241.7 million. Approximately 53.0% of the commitments were at variable rates. Standby letters of credit, which are conditional commitments issued by the Bancorp to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party, totaled $11.5 million at March 31, 2022. Management believes that the Bancorp has sufficient cash flow and borrowing capacity to fund all outstanding commitments and letters of credit, while maintaining proper levels of liquidity.

Management strongly believes that maintaining a high level of capital enhances safety and soundness. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, stockholders' equity increased by $1.0 million (0.7%). During the three months ended March 31, 2022, stockholders’ equity was primarily increased by additional paid in capital related to the RYFL acquisition, offset against increased unrealized losses on available for sale securities. Increasing stockholders’ equity was net income of $2.1 million. On April 24, 2014 the Bancorp’s Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program to repurchase up to 50,000 shares of the Bancorp’s outstanding common stock, from time to time and subject to market conditions, on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. The stock repurchase program does not expire and is only limited by the number of shares that can be purchased. The stock repurchase program will be reviewed annually by the Board of Directors. No shares were repurchased under the program during the first three months of 2022 or 2021. During 2022, 10,863 restricted stock shares vested under the Bancorp’s 2015 Stock Option and Incentive Plan outlined in Note 9 of the financial statements, of which 2,336 of these shares were withheld in the form of a net surrender to cover the withholding tax obligations of the vesting employees. The repurchase of these surrendered shares is considered outside of the scope of the formal stock repurchase program.

The Bank is subject to risk-based capital guidelines adopted by the FDIC. The regulations divide capital into multiple tiers. The first tier (Common Equity Tier 1 Capital) includes common shareholders’ equity, after deductions for various items including goodwill and certain other intangible assets, and after certain other adjustments. Common Equity Tier 1 Capital also includes accumulated other comprehensive income (for organizations that do not make opt-out elections). The next tier (Tier 1 Capital) is comprised of Common Equity Tier 1 Capital plus other qualifying capital instruments such as perpetual noncumulative preferred stock and junior subordinated debt issued to trusts, and other adjustments. The third tier (Tier 2 Capital) includes instruments such as subordinated debt that have a minimum original maturity of at least five years and are subordinated to the claims of depositors and general creditors, total capital minority interest not included in Tier 1 Capital, and limited amounts of the allowance for loan losses, less applicable regulatory adjustments and deductions. The Bank are required to maintain a Common Equity Tier 1 Capital ratio of 4.5%, a Tier 1 Capital ratio of 6%, and a Total Capital ratio (comprised of Tier 1 Capital plus Tier 2 Capital) of 8%. In addition, the capital regulations provide for a minimum leverage ratio (Tier 1 capital to adjusted average assets) of 4%.

In addition to establishing the minimum regulatory capital requirements, the regulations limit capital distributions by the institution and certain discretionary bonus payments to management if an institution does not hold a “capital conservation buffer” consisting of 2.5% of common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets above the amount necessary to meet its minimum risk-based capital requirements.

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 required the FRB to set minimum capital levels for bank holding companies that are as stringent as those required for insured depository subsidiaries. However, under the FRB’s “Small Bank Holding Company” exemption from consolidated bank holding company capital requirements, bank holding companies and savings and loan holding companies with less than $3 billion in consolidated assets, such as the Bancorp, are exempt from consolidated regulatory capital requirements, unless the FRB determines otherwise in particular cases.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Bancorp’s and Bank’s regulatory capital ratios continued to be negatively impacted by regulatory requirements regarding collateralized debt obligations. The regulatory requirements state that for collateralized debt obligations that have been downgraded below investment grade by the rating agencies, increased risk based asset weightings are required. The Bancorp currently holds pooled trust preferred securities with a cost basis of $2.2 million. These investments currently have ratings that are below investment grade. As a result, approximately $8.6 million of risk-based assets are generated by the trust preferred securities in the Bancorp’s and Bank’s total risk based capital calculation.

In addition, the following table shows that, at March 31, 2022, and December 31, 2021, the Bank’s capital exceeded all applicable regulatory capital requirements. The dollar amounts are in millions.

(Dollars in millions)											Minimum Required To Be
						Minimum Required For					Well Capitalized Under Prompt
	Actual					Capital Adequacy Purposes					Corrective Action Regulations
At March 31, 2022	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets	$	156.8		10.9	%	$	65.0		4.5	%	$	93.9		6.5	%
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets	$	156.8		10.9	%	$	86.7		6.0	%	$	115.6		8.0	%
Total capital to risk-weighted assets	$	170.2		11.8	%	$	115.6		8.0	%	$	144.5		10.0	%
Tier 1 capital to adjusted average assets	$	156.8		8.2	%	$	77.7		4.0	%	$	97.2		5.0	%

(Dollars in millions)											Minimum Required To Be
						Minimum Required For					Well Capitalized Under Prompt
	Actual					Capital Adequacy Purposes					Corrective Action Regulations
At December 31, 2021	Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio			Amount		Ratio
Common equity tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets	$	136.6		13.0	%	$	47.4		4.5	%		N/A		N/A
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets	$	136.6		13.0	%	$	63.3		6.0	%		N/A		N/A
Total capital to risk-weighted assets	$	149.8		14.2	%	$	84.3		8.0	%		N/A		N/A
Tier 1 capital to adjusted average assets	$	136.6		8.6	%	$	64.2		4.0	%		N/A		N/A

The Bancorp’s ability to pay dividends to its shareholders is entirely dependent upon the Bank’s ability to pay dividends to the Bancorp. Under Indiana law, the Bank may pay dividends from its undivided profits (generally, earnings less losses, bad debts, taxes and other operating expenses) as is considered expedient by the Bank’s Board of Directors. However, the Bank must obtain the approval of the Indiana Department of Financial Institutions (DFI) if the total of all dividends declared by the Bank during the current year, including the proposed dividend, would exceed the sum of retained net income for the year to date plus its retained net income for the previous two years. For this purpose, “retained net income,” means net income as calculated for call report purposes, less all dividends declared for the applicable period. An exemption from DFI approval would require that the Bank have been assigned a composite uniform financial institutions rating of 1 or 2 as a result of the most recent federal or state examination; the proposed dividend would not result in a Tier 1 leverage ratio below 7.5%; and that the Bank not be subject to any corrective action, supervisory order, supervisory agreement, or board approved operating agreement. The aggregate amount of dividends that may be declared by the Bank in 2022, without the need for qualifying for an exemption or prior DFI approval, is its 2022 net profits plus $21.4 million. Moreover, the FDIC and the Federal Reserve Board may prohibit the payment of dividends if it determines that the payment of dividends would constitute an unsafe or unsound practice in light of the financial condition of the Bank. On February 25, 2022, the Board of Directors of the Bancorp declared a first quarter dividend of $0.31 per share. The Bancorp’s first quarter dividend was paid to shareholders on April 4, 2022.

Results of Operations - Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022, to the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Bancorp reported net income of $2.1 million, compared to net income of $4.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, a decrease of $2.4 million (53.0%). For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the ROA was 0.44%, compared to 1.18% for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The ROE was 5.01% for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to 11.94% for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

Net interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2022, was $15.5 million, an increase of $3.5 million (29.0%), compared to $12.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The weighted-average yield on interest-earning assets was 3.49% for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to 3.59% for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The weighted-average cost of funds for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was 0.08% compared to 0.20% for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The impact of the 3.49% return on interest earning assets and the 0.08% cost of funds resulted in an interest rate spread of 3.41% for the current three months, an increase from the 3.39% spread for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The net interest margin on earning assets was 3.41% for the three months ended March 31, 2022, and 3.40% for the three months ended March 31, 2021. On a tax equivalent basis, the Bancorp’s net interest margin was 3.63% for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to 3.59% for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The Bancorp believes that it is a standard practice in the banking industry to present net interest margin and net interest income on a fully-taxable equivalent basis, as these measures provide useful information to make peer comparisons. Tax adjusted net interest margin represents a non-GAAP financial measure. See the non-GAAP reconciliation table immediately below and the section captioned “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for further disclosure regarding non-GAAP financial measures.

(Dollars in thousands)	Three Months Ended
(unaudited)	March 31, 2022			March 31, 2021

Calculation of tax adjusted net interest margin
Net interest income	$	15,535		$	12,046
Tax adjusted interest on securities and loans		966			677
Adjusted net interest income		16,501			12,723
Total average earning assets		1,820,588			1,417,462
Tax adjusted net interest margin		3.63	%		3.59	%

Information relating to the average consolidated balance sheet and the yield on average earning assets and cost of average liabilities for the periods indicated are in the following table. Dividing the related interest, on an annualized basis, by the average balance of assets or liabilities drives the disclosed rates. Average balances are derived from daily balances.

Quarter-to-Date
(Dollars in thousands)	Average Balances, Interest, and Rates
(unaudited)	March 31, 2022							March 31, 2021
	Average Balance			Interest		Rate (%)		Average Balance			Interest		Rate (%)
ASSETS				`
Interest bearing deposits in other financial institutions	$	22,295		$	8		0.14	$	51,688		$	12		0.09
Federal funds sold		8,015			-		-		788			-		-
Certificates of deposit in other financial institutions		1,725			3		0.70		1,598			8		2.00
Securities available-for-sale		510,119			2,575		2.02		383,877			1,941		2.02
Loans receivable*		1,274,407			13,286		4.17		975,593			10,746		4.41
Federal Home Loan Bank stock		4,027			22		2.19		3,918			20		2.04
Total interest earning assets		1,820,588		$	15,894		3.49		1,417,462		$	12,727		3.59
Cash and non-interest bearing deposits in other financial institutions		20,183							33,719
Allowance for loan losses		(13,367	)						(12,662	)
Other noninterest bearing assets		127,943							98,316
Total assets	$	1,955,347						$	1,536,835

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Total deposits	$	1,737,620		$	337		0.08	$	1,348,160		$	651		0.19
Repurchase agreements		19,390			16		0.33		14,479			10		0.28
Borrowed funds		6,091			6		0.39		2,967			20		2.70
Total interest bearing liabilities		1,763,101		$	359		0.08		1,365,606		$	681		0.20
Other noninterest bearing liabilities		21,872							19,049
Total liabilities		1,784,973							1,384,655
Total stockholders' equity		170,374							152,180
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	1,955,347						$	1,536,835

Net intrest spread		3.41	%						3.39	%
Net interest margin**		3.41	%						3.40	%
Ratio of interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities	1.03		x					1.04		x

* Non-accruing loans have been included in the average balances. ** Net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets.

The increase in interest earning asset income for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2021, is primarily a result of the RYFL acquisition. The decrease in interest bearing liability expense is primarily the result of the Bancorp adjusting deposit pricing to align with the current interest rate cycle.

The following table shows the change in noninterest income for the three months ending March 31, 2022, and March 31, 2021.

(Dollars in thousands)	Quarter Ended March 31,					3/31/2022 vs. 3/31/2021
	2022		2021			$ Change			% Change
Noninterest income:
Fees and service charges		1,304		1,066			238			22.3	%
Gain on sale of loans held-for-sale, net		607		2,049			(1,442	)		-70.4	%
Wealth management operations		595		607			(12	)		-2.0	%
Gain on sale of securities, net		381		417			(36	)		-8.6	%
Increase in cash value of bank owned life insurance		252		169			83			49.1	%
Gain (loss) on sale of foreclosed real estate		-		(9	)		9			-100.0	%
Other		5		14			(9	)		-64.3	%

Total noninterest income		3,144		4,313			(1,169	)		-27.1	%

The decrease in gain on sale of loans is the result of significant refinance activity which started in 2020 and continued into the following year due to the economic and low rate environment, which resulted in more loans originated and sold. We anticipate the demand for mortgage loans will continue to revert to normal levels as borrowing rates on loans increase. The increase in fees and service charges for the three-month period ended March 31, 2022 compared to the three-month period ended March 31, 2021 is primarily the result of changes in customer usage of bank services.

The following table shows the change in noninterest expense for the three months ending March 31, 2022, and March 31, 2021.

(Dollars in thousands)	Quarter Ended March 31,				3/31/2022 vs. 3/31/2021
	2022		2021		$ Change		% Change
Noninterest expense:
Compensation and benefits		7,367		5,685		1,682		29.6	%
Data processing		3,054		674		2,380		353.1	%
Occupancy and equipment		1,500		1,372		128		9.3	%
Marketing		651		199		452		227.1	%
Federal deposit insurance premiums		219		180		39		21.7	%
Other		3,478		2,383		1,095		46.0	%

Total noninterest expense		16,269		10,493		5,776		55.0	%

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the increase in compensation and benefits is primarily the result of the RYFL acquisition and management’s continued focus on talent management and retention. The increase in data processing expense in primarily the result of data conversion expenses related to the acquisition of RYFL, increased system utilization due to growth of the Bank, and continued investment in technological advancements such as Salesforce and nCino. The increase in occupancy and equipment expense is primarily related to the RYFL acquisition and related assets acquired in the transaction. The increase in marketing expense is primarily the result of the RYFL acquisition. The increase in other operating expenses is primarily the result of one-time expenses related to the acquisition of RYFL and continued investments in strategic initiatives focusing on growth of the organization.

Income tax expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2022, totaled $275 thousand, compared to income tax expense of $745 thousand for the three months ended March 31, 2021, a decrease of $470 thousand (63.1%). The combined effective federal and state tax rates for the Bancorp was 11.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to 14.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The Bancorp’s lower current period effective tax rate is a result of a greater increase to tax preferred income relative to earnings.

Critical Accounting Policies

Critical accounting policies are those accounting policies that management believes are most important to the portrayal of the Bancorp’s financial condition and that require management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments. The Bancorp’s critical accounting policies from December 31, 2021 remain unchanged.

Forward-Looking Statements

Statements contained in this report that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The words or phrases “would be,” “will allow,” “intends to,” “will likely result,” “are expected to,” “will continue,” “is anticipated,” “estimate,” “project,” or similar expressions are also intended to identify “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act. The Bancorp cautions readers that forward-looking statements, including without limitation those relating to the Bancorp’s future business prospects, merger and acquisition activities, interest income and expense, net income, liquidity, and capital needs are subject to certain risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements, due to, among other things, factors identified in this report, including those identified in the Bancorp’s 2021 Form 10-K.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

This filing includes certain financial measures that are identified as non-GAAP, including adjusted net interest income and tax adjusted net interest margin. The Bancorp provides these non-GAAP performance measures because they are used by management to evaluate and measure the Bancorp’s performance, which the Bancorp believes also is useful to assist investors in assessing the Bancorp’s operating performance. Where non-GAAP financial measures are used in this report, the most comparable GAAP measure, as well as the reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP measure, can be found in the tables referenced herein.

The adjusted net interest income and tax-adjusted net interest margin measures recognize the income tax savings when comparing taxable and tax-exempt assets. Interest income and yields on tax-exempt securities and loans are presented using the current federal income tax rate of 21%. Management believes that it is standard practice in the banking industry to present net interest income and net interest margin on a fully tax-equivalent basis and that it may enhance comparability for peer comparison purposes.

Although these non-GAAP financial measures are frequently used by investors to evaluate a financial institution’s business and performance, they have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation, or as a substitute for analyses of results as reported under GAAP. In addition, these non-GAAP financial measures may differ from those used by other financial institutions to assess their business operations and performance.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Not applicable.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

(a)

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures.

The Bancorp maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Sections 13a – 15(e) and 15d – 15(e)) of regulations promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Bancorp in the reports that it files or submits under the "Exchange Act" is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. These disclosure controls and procedures include controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Bancorp in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Bancorp's management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The Bancorp's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer evaluate the effectiveness of the Bancorp's disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of each quarter. Based on that evaluation as of March 31, 2022, the Bancorp’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that such disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of that date in ensuring that information required to be disclosed by the Bancorp under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

(b) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.

There was no change in the Bancorp's internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the Bancorp’s evaluation of controls that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2022, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Bancorp's internal control over financial reporting.

PART II ‑ Other Information

Item 1.

Legal Proceedings

The Bancorp and its subsidiaries, from time to time, are involved in legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business against its debtors and are defendants in legal actions arising from normal business activities. Management, after consultation with legal counsel believes that the ultimate liabilities, if any, resulting from these actions will not have a material adverse effect on the financial position of the Bank or on the consolidated financial position of the Bancorp.

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

Not Applicable.

Item 2.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

On April 24, 2014, the Bancorp’s Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program to repurchase up to 50,000 shares of the Bancorp’s outstanding common stock, from time to time and subject to market conditions, on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. The stock repurchase program does not expire and is only limited by the number of shares that can be purchased. The stock repurchase program will be reviewed annually by the Board of Directors. No shares were repurchased during the three months ended March 31, 2022, under the stock repurchase program.

Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs		Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program(1)
January 1, 2022 – January 31, 2022		-		N/A		-		48,828
February 1, 2022 – February 28, 2022		-		N/A		-		48,828
March 1, 2022 – March 31, 2022		-		N/A		-		48,828

(1)

The stock repurchase program was announced on April 24, 2014, whereby the Bancorp is authorized to repurchase up to 50,000 shares of the Bancorp’s common stock outstanding. There is no express expiration date for this program.

Item 3.

Defaults Upon Senior Securities

There are no matters reportable under this item.

Item 4.

Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable

Item 5.

Other Information

None

Item 6.

Exhibits

Exhibit
Number		Description
3.1		Restated Articles of Incorporation of Finward Bancorp (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 2, 2022).
10.1		Amended and Restated Finward Bancorp 2015 Stock Option and Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 2, 2022).
31.1		Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer.
31.2		Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer.
32.1		Section 1350 Certifications.
101		The following materials from the Bancorp’s Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2022, formatted in an XBRL Interactive Data File: (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets; (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income; (iii) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity; (iv) Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income; (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, with detailed tagging of notes and financial statement schedules.
104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

		FINWARD BANCORP


Date: May 16, 2022		/s/ Benjamin J. Bochnowski
		Benjamin J. Bochnowski
		President and Chief Executive Officer


Date: May 16, 2022		/s/ Peymon S. Torabi
		Peymon S. Torabi
		Executive Vice President, Chief Financial
		Officer and Treasurer