Quarterly report [Sections 13 or 15(d)]

Loans Receivable

v3.25.3
Loans Receivable
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Receivables [Abstract]  
Loans Receivable Loans Receivable
The Company’s current lending programs are described below:
Residential Real Estate. A primary lending activity of the Company has been the granting of conventional mortgage loans to enable borrowers to purchase existing homes, refinance existing homes, or construct new homes. Conventional loans are made up to a maximum of 97% of the purchase price or appraised value, whichever is less. For loans made in excess of 80% of value, private mortgage insurance is generally required in an amount sufficient to reduce the Company’s exposure to 80% or less of the appraised value of the property. Loans insured by private mortgage insurance companies can be made for up to 97% of value.
Fixed rate loans generally conform to Freddie Mac guidelines for loans purchased under the 1-4 family program. Loan interest rates are determined based on secondary market yield requirements and local market conditions. Fixed rate mortgage loans may be sold and/or classified as held for sale to control exposure to interest rate risk.
The Company’s Adjustable-Rate Mortgage Loans (“ARMs”) include offerings that have a three, five, seven or ten year fixed period. The ability of the Company to successfully market ARM’s depends upon loan demand, prevailing interest rates, volatility of interest rates, and terms offered by competitors.
Home Equity Line of Credit. The Company offers a fixed and variable rate revolving line of credit secured by the equity in the borrower’s home. Both products offer an interest only option where the borrower pays interest only on the outstanding balance each month. Equity lines will typically require a second mortgage appraisal and a second mortgage lender’s title insurance policy. Loans are generally made up to a maximum of 89% of the appraised value of the property less any outstanding liens.
Fixed-term home improvement and equity loans are made up to a maximum of 85% of the appraised value of the improved property, less any outstanding liens. These loans are offered on both a fixed and variable rate basis with a maximum term of 240 months. All home equity loans are made on a direct basis to borrowers.
Commercial Real Estate and Multifamily Loans. Commercial real estate loans are typically made to a maximum of 80% of the appraised value. Such loans are generally made on an adjustable-rate basis. These loans are typically made for terms of 15 to 25 years. Loans with an amortizing term exceeding 15 years normally have a balloon feature calling for a full repayment within seven to ten years from the date of the loan. The balloon feature affords the Company the opportunity to restructure the loan if economic conditions warrant. Commercial real estate loans include loans secured by commercial rental units, apartments, condominium developments, small shopping centers, owner occupied commercial/industrial properties, hospitality units and other retail and commercial developments.
While commercial real estate lending is generally considered to involve a higher degree of risk than single family residential lending due to the concentration of principal in a limited number of loans and the effects of general economic conditions on real estate developers and managers, the Company has endeavored to reduce this risk in several ways. In originating commercial real estate loans, the Company considers the feasibility of the project, the financial strength of the borrowers and lessees, the managerial ability of the borrowers, the location of the project and the economic environment. Management evaluates the debt coverage ratio and analyzes the reliability of cash flows, as well as the quality of earnings. All such loans are made in accordance with well-defined underwriting standards and are generally supported by personal guarantees, which represent a secondary source of repayment.
Loans for the construction of commercial properties are generally located within an area permitting physical inspection and regular review of business records. Projects financed outside of the Company’s primary lending area generally involve borrowers and guarantors who are or were previous customers of the Company or projects that are underwritten according to the Bank’s underwriting standards.
Construction and Land Development. Construction loans on residential properties are made primarily to individuals who are under contract with a general contractor. The maximum loan-to-value ratio is 89% of either the current appraised value or the cost of construction, whichever is less. Residential construction loans are typically made for a period of one year.
Loans are also made for the construction of commercial properties. All such loans are made in accordance with well-defined underwriting standards. Generally if the loans are not owner occupied, these types of loans require proof of intent to lease and a confirmed end-loan takeout. In general, loans made do not exceed 80% of the appraised value of the property. Commercial construction loans are typically made for periods not to exceed two years or date of occupancy, whichever is less.
Commercial Business. Although the Company’s priority in extending various types of commercial business loans changes from time to time, the basic considerations in determining the makeup of the commercial business loan portfolio are economic factors, regulatory requirements and money market conditions. The Company seeks commercial loan relationships from the local business community and from its present customers. Prudent lending policies based upon sound credit analysis governs the extension of commercial credit. The following loans, although not inclusive, are considered preferable for the Company’s commercial loan portfolio: agriculture loans, loans collateralized by liquid assets; loans secured by general use machinery and equipment; secured short-term working capital loans to established businesses secured by business assets; short-term loans with established sources of repayment and secured by sufficient equity and real estate; and unsecured loans to customers whose character and capacity to repay are firmly established.
Consumer Loans. The Company offers consumer loans to individuals for personal, household or family purposes. Consumer loans are either secured by adequate collateral, or unsecured. Unsecured loans are based on the strength of the applicant’s financial condition. All borrowers must meet current underwriting standards. The consumer loan program includes both fixed and variable rate products.
Manufactured Homes. The Company has purchased fixed rate closed loans from a third-party that are subject to the Company’s underwriting requirements and secured by manufactured homes. The maturity date on these loans can range up to 25 years. In addition, these loans are partially secured by a reserve account held at the Company.
Government Loans. The Company is permitted to purchase non-rated municipal securities, tax anticipation notes and warrants within the local market area.
Loans consist of the following as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024:
(Dollars in thousands) September 30, 2025 December 31, 2024
Loans secured by real estate:
Residential real estate $ 450,007  $ 467,293 
Home equity 51,813  49,758 
Commercial real estate 564,558  551,674 
Construction and land development 79,678  82,874 
Multifamily 192,698  212,455 
Total loans secured by real estate 1,338,754  1,364,054 
Commercial business 96,192  104,246 
Consumer 348  551 
Manufactured homes 24,372  26,708 
Government 12,298  11,024 
Loans receivable 1,471,964  1,506,583 
Add:
Net deferred loan origination costs 1,719  2,439 
Loan clearing funds 91  (46)
Loans receivable, net of deferred fees and costs $ 1,473,774  $ 1,508,976 
The Company's age analysis of past due loans is summarized below:
(Dollars in thousands) 30-59 Days Past Due 60-89 Days Past Due Greater Than 90
Days Past Due
Total Past Due and
Accruing
Current Accruing Loans Nonaccrual
Loans
Total Loans
Receivable
September 30, 2025
Residential real estate $ 4,848  $ 615  $ $ 5,463  $ 438,730  $ 444,193  $ 5,814  $ 450,007 
Home equity 375  263  638  50,294  50,932  881  51,813 
Commercial real estate 2,714  6,349  9,063  553,431  562,494  2,064  564,558 
Construction and land development 811  811  78,150  78,961  717  79,678 
Multifamily 174  491  665  190,301  190,966  1,732  192,698 
Commercial business 2,041  47  2,088  91,420  93,508  2,684  96,192 
Consumer 348  348  348 
Manufactured homes 81  90  171  24,201  24,372  24,372 
Government 12,298  12,298  12,298 
Total $ 11,044  $ 7,855  $ $ 18,899  $ 1,439,173  $ 1,458,072  $ 13,892  $ 1,471,964 
December 31, 2024
Residential real estate $ 4,423  $ 1,184  $ $ 5,607  $ 457,021  $ 462,628  $ 4,665  $ 467,293 
Home equity 1,002  123  1,125  48,150  49,275  483  49,758 
Commercial real estate 4,556  571  5,127  545,267  550,394  1,280  551,674 
Construction and land development 2,039  2,039  80,177  82,216  658  82,874 
Multifamily 1,961  359  2,320  206,773  209,093  3,362  212,455 
Commercial business 493  508  1,001  99,955  100,956  3,290  104,246 
Consumer 546  551  551 
Manufactured homes 428  54  482  26,226  26,708  26,708 
Government 11,024  11,024  11,024 
Total $ 14,907  $ 2,799  $ $ 17,706  $ 1,475,139  $ 1,492,845  $ 13,738  $ 1,506,583 
The following table shows the amortized cost of loans, segregated by portfolio segment, credit quality rating and year of origination as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, and gross charge-offs for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and for the year ended December 31, 2024.
September 30, 2025 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior Revolving Revolving
Converted to
Term
Total
Total Loans Receivable $ 96,295  $ 125,770  $ 128,741  $ 272,358  $ 271,138  $ 474,161  $ 102,022  $ 1,479  $ 1,471,964 
Total current period gross charge-off $ (33) $ $ (44) $ $ (2) $ (339) $ $ $ (418)
Residential real estate
Pass (1-6) $ 8,909  $ 17,218  $ 28,272  $ 82,991  $ 95,407  $ 202,715  $ 3,465  $ $ 438,977 
Special Mention (7) 459  1,324  739  2,610  5,132 
Substandard (8) 127  869  1,484  528  2,890  5,898 
Total $ 9,036  $ 17,218  $ 29,600  $ 85,799  $ 96,674  $ 208,215  $ 3,465  $ $ 450,007 
Current period gross charge-off
Home equity
Pass (1-6) $ 626  $ 94  $ 43  $ 239  $ 51  $ 2,338  $ 46,043  $ 1,032  $ 50,466 
Special Mention (7) 28  20  74  145  186  460 
Substandard (8) 217  409  261  887 
Total $ 626  $ 122  $ 50  $ 239  $ 71  $ 2,629  $ 46,597  $ 1,479  $ 51,813 
Current period gross charge-off
Commercial real estate
Pass (1-6) $ 46,040  $ 60,004  $ 63,815  $ 110,836  $ 84,291  $ 176,061  $ 3,367  $ $ 544,414 
Special Mention (7) 25  873  2,221  4,853  3,423  6,685  18,080 
Substandard (8) 826  1,238  2,064 
Total $ 46,065  $ 60,877  $ 66,036  $ 116,515  $ 87,714  $ 183,984  $ 3,367  $ $ 564,558 
Current period gross charge-off
Construction and land development
Pass (1-6) $ 26,125  $ 26,218  $ 16,188  $ 3,165  $ 1,562  $ 1,010  $ 3,103  $ $ 77,371 
Substandard (8) 1,002  64  1,241  2,307 
Total $ 26,125  $ 26,218  $ 17,190  $ 3,229  $ 2,803  $ 1,010  $ 3,103  $ $ 79,678 
Current period gross charge-off
Multifamily
Pass (1-6) $ 4,040  $ 6,317  $ 8,059  $ 54,547  $ 66,642  $ 48,206  $ 346  $ $ 188,157 
Special Mention (7) 262  758  375  1,414  2,809 
Substandard (8) 208  417  1,107  1,732 
Total $ 4,302  $ 6,317  $ 8,267  $ 55,722  $ 67,017  $ 50,727  $ 346  $ $ 192,698 
Current period gross charge-off (46) (46)
Commercial business
Pass (1-6) $ 4,972  $ 12,472  $ 6,226  $ 7,795  $ 4,902  $ 11,562  $ 43,819  $ $ 91,748 
Special Mention (7) 47  64  326  65  24  1,234  1,760 
Substandard (8) 158  87  960  179  128  1,081  91  2,684 
Total $ 5,177  $ 12,623  $ 7,512  $ 8,039  $ 5,054  $ 12,643  $ 45,144  $ $ 96,192 
Current period gross charge-off (44) (293) (337)
Consumer
Pass (1-6) $ 154  $ 65  $ 86  $ 22  $ 21  $ $ $ $ 348 
Total $ 154  $ 65  $ 86  $ 22  $ 21  $ $ $ $ 348 
Current period gross charge-off (33) (2) (35)
Manufactured homes
Pass (1-6) $ $ $ $ 1,749  $ 10,707  $ 11,826  $ $ $ 24,282 
Special Mention (7) 90  $ 90 
Substandard (8)
Total $ $ $ $ 1,749  $ 10,707  $ 11,916  $ $ $ 24,372 
Current period gross charge-off
Government
Pass (1-6) $ 4,810  $ 2,330  $ $ 1,044  $ 1,077  $ 3,037  $ $ $ 12,298 
Total $ 4,810  $ 2,330  $ $ 1,044  $ 1,077  $ 3,037  $ $ $ 12,298 
Current period gross charge-off

December 31, 2024 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 Prior Revolving Revolving
Converted to
Term
Total
Total Loans Receivable $ 124,670  $ 143,098  $ 291,855  $ 308,352  $ 211,268  $ 324,738  $ 102,602  $ $ 1,506,583 
Total current period gross charge-off $ (64) $ $ (1,010) $ (125) $ (2) $ (1,267) $ $ (2,468)
Residential real estate
Pass (1-6) $ 13,118  $ 30,947  $ 90,324  $ 99,390  $ 102,552  $ 119,449  $ 2,468  $ $ 458,248 
Special Mention (7) 371  365  1,064  554  1,937  4,291 
Substandard (8) 539  1,161  601  510  1,943  4,754 
Total $ 13,118  $ 31,857  $ 91,850  $ 101,055  $ 103,616  $ 123,329  $ 2,468  $ $ 467,293 
Current period gross charge-off (28) (28)
Home equity
Pass (1-6) $ 193  $ 68  $ 153  $ 110  $ $ 3,342  $ 44,943  $ $ 48,809 
Special Mention (7) 132  15  309  459 
Substandard (8) 26  138  218  108  490 
Total $ 219  $ 200  $ 291  $ 110  $ $ 3,575  $ 45,360  $ $ 49,758 
Current period gross charge-off
Commercial real estate
Pass (1-6) $ 49,861  $ 67,290  $ 123,342  $ 96,206  $ 53,864  $ 148,529  $ 2,976  $ $ 542,068 
Special Mention (7) 974  1,036  2,375  668  2,930  25  8,008 
Substandard (8) 202  1,396  1,598 
Total $ 50,835  $ 67,290  $ 124,378  $ 98,581  $ 54,734  $ 152,855  $ 3,001  $ $ 551,674 
Current period gross charge-off
Construction and land development
Pass (1-6) $ 34,599  $ 24,360  $ 3,732  $ 7,867  $ 224  $ 820  $ 5,312  $ $ 76,914 
Special Mention (7) 1,207  2,468  3,675 
Substandard (8) 1,018  1,267  2,285 
Total $ 34,599  $ 25,378  $ 3,732  $ 10,341  $ 2,692  $ 820  $ 5,312  $ $ 82,874 
Current period gross charge-off
Multifamily
Pass (1-6) $ 6,398  $ 8,923  $ 56,771  $ 74,716  $ 36,075  $ 20,066  $ 627  $ $ 203,576 
Special Mention (7) 780  3,332  1,217  5,329 
Substandard (8) 446  1,219  1,516  369  3,550 
Total $ 6,398  $ 8,923  $ 57,997  $ 79,267  $ 38,808  $ 20,435  $ 627  $ $ 212,455 
Current period gross charge-off (125) (125)
Commercial business
Pass (1-6) $ 14,655  $ 8,123  $ 9,441  $ 6,094  $ 3,653  $ 11,416  $ 44,046  $ $ 97,428 
Special Mention (7) 25  978  39  800  1,686  3,528 
Substandard (8) 1,139  80  171  177  1,621  102  3,290 
Total $ 14,655  $ 9,287  $ 10,499  $ 6,304  $ 3,830  $ 13,837  $ 45,834  $ $ 104,246 
Current period gross charge-off (1,010) (1,239) (2,249)
Consumer
Pass (1-6) $ 301  $ 163  $ 34  $ 51  $ $ $ $ $ 551 
Substandard (8)
Total $ 301  $ 163  $ 34  $ 51  $ $ $ $ $ 551 
Current period gross charge-off (64) (2) (66)
Manufactured homes
Pass (1-6) $ $ $ 1,634  $ 11,360  $ 7,559  $ 6,101  $ $ $ 26,654 
Substandard (8) 28  26  54 
Total $ $ $ 1,634  $ 11,388  $ 7,585  $ 6,101  $ $ $ 26,708 
Current period gross charge-off
Government
Pass (1-6) $ 4,545  $ $ 1,440  $ 1,255  $ $ 3,784  $ $ $ 11,024 
Total $ 4,545  $ $ 1,440  $ 1,255  $ $ 3,784  $ $ $ 11,024 
Current period gross charge-off
The Company has established a standard loan grading system to assist management, lenders and review personnel in their analysis and supervision of the loan portfolio. The use and application of these grades by the Company is uniform and conforms to regulatory definitions. The loan grading system is as follows:
1 – Superior Quality
Loans in this category are substantially risk free. Loans fully collateralized by a Bank certificate of deposit or Bank deposits with a hold are substantially risk free.
2 – Excellent Quality
The borrower generates excellent and consistent cash flow for debt coverage, excellent average credit scores, excellent liquidity and net worth and are reputable operators with over 15 years' experience. Current and debt to tangible net worth ratios are excellent. Loan to value is substantially below policy and collateral condition is excellent.
3 – Great Quality
The borrower generates more than sufficient cash flow to fund debt service and cash flow is improving. Average credit scores are very strong. Operators are reputable with significant years of experience. Liquidity, net worth, current and debt to tangible net worth ratios are very strong. Loan to value is significantly below policy and collateral condition is significantly above average.
4 – Above Average Quality
The borrower generates more than sufficient cash flow to fund debt service, but cash flow trends may be stable or slightly declining. Average credit scores are strong. The borrower is a reputable operator with many years of experience. Liquidity, net worth, current and debt to tangible net worth ratios are strong. Loan to value is below policy and collateral condition is above average.
5 – Average Quality
Borrowers are considered creditworthy and can repay the debt in the normal course of business, however, cash flow trends may be inconsistent or fluctuating. Average credit scores are satisfactory, and years of experience is acceptable. Liquidity and net worth are satisfactory. Current and debt to tangible net worth ratios are average. Loan to value is slightly below policy and the collateral condition is slightly above average.
6 – Pass
Borrowers are considered creditworthy, but financial condition may show signs of weakness due to internal or external factors. Cash flow trends may be declining annually. Average credit scores may be low but remain acceptable. The borrower has limited years of experience. Liquidity, net worth, current and debt to tangible net worth ratios are below average. Loan to value is nearing policy limits and collateral condition is average.
7 – Special Mention
A special mention asset has identified weaknesses that deserve Management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or in the Company’s credit position at some future date. Special mention assets are not adversely classified and do not expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant adverse classification. There is still adequate protection by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged. The Special Mention rating is viewed as transitional and will be monitored closely.
Loans in this category may exhibit some of the following risk factors. Cash flow trends may be consistently declining or may be questionable. Debt coverage ratios may be at or near 1:1. Average credit scores may be very weak, or the borrower may have minimal years of experience. Liquidity, net worth, current and debt to tangible net worth ratios may be very weak. Loan to value may be at policy limits or may exceed policy limits. Collateral condition may be below average.
8 – Substandard
This classification consists of loans which are inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged. Financial statements normally reveal some or all of the following: poor trends, lack of earnings and cash flow, excessive debt, lack of liquidity, and the absence of creditor protection. Loans are still considered collectible, but due to increased risks and defined weaknesses of the credit, some loss could be incurred in collection if the deficiencies are not corrected.
9 – Doubtful
Such loans have been placed on nonaccrual status and may be heavily dependent upon collateral possessing a value that is difficult to determine or based upon some near-term event which lacks clear certainty. These loans have all of the weaknesses of those classified as Substandard; however, based on existing conditions, these weaknesses make full collection of the principal balance highly improbable.
10 – Loss
Loans that are considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuing to carry them as assets is not warranted.
Loans with risk classifications of pass and special mention were part of the pooled loan ACL analysis. Loans classified as substandard or worse were individually evaluated for impairment and specific reserves were established, if applicable. Risk
gradings for loans with balances greater than $1 million are updated every 12 months through analysis during origination, renewals, modifications, or regular annual review. Risk gradings for loans with balances less than $1 million are updated primarily through analysis during origination, renewals, modifications, or periodic review. Risk gradings are also downgraded due to delinquency at month end. In particular, 60 days past due are downgraded to Special Mention, while 90 days past due are further downgraded to Substandard.
Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
The allowance of credit losses incorporates an estimate of lifetime expected credit losses and is recorded on each asset upon origination. The starting point to estimate such credit losses is historical loss information. The Company uses a probability of default/loss given default model to determine the allowance for credit losses recorded at origination. Occasionally, the Company subsequently modifies loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty by providing the following terms of relief: principal forgiveness, term extension, payment delay, or interest rate reduction. In some cases, the Bank provides multiple types of modifications on one loan. Because the effect of most modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty is already included in the allowance for credit losses, no change to the allowance for credit losses is generally recorded for these modifications.
The following table shows the amortized cost basis of loans at September 30, 2025, that were both experiencing financial difficulty and modified during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, segregated by portfolio segment and type of modification. The percentage of the amortized cost of loans that were modified to borrowers in financial distress as compared to the amortized cost of each segment of financing receivable is also presented below.
For the three months ended September 30, 2025
(Dollars in thousands) Payment
Delay
Term
Extension
Interest
Rate
Reduction
Combination
Term Extension
and Interest Rate
Reduction
% of Total
Segment
Financing
Receivables
Residential real estate $ $ 307  $ $ 0.07 %
Commercial real estate 390  0.07 %
Total $ $ 697  $ $ 0.05 %

For the three months ended September 30, 2024
(Dollars in thousands) Payment
Delay
Term
Extension
Interest
Rate
Reduction
Combination
Term Extension
and Interest Rate
Reduction
% of Total
Segment
Financing
Receivables
Residential real estate $ 121  $ 332  $ $ 0.10 %
Total $ 121  $ 332  $ $ 0.03 %
For the nine months ended September 30, 2025
(Dollars in thousands) Payment
Delay
Term
Extension
Interest
Rate
Reduction
Combination
Term Extension
and Interest Rate
Reduction
% of Total
Segment
Financing
Receivables
Residential real estate $ $ 472  $ $ 0.10 %
Commercial real estate 135  390  0.09 %
Construction and land development 654  0.82 %
Commercial business 1,053  1.09 %
Total $ 1,842  $ 862  $ $ 0.18 %
For the nine months ended September 30, 2024
(Dollars in thousands) Payment
Delay
Term
Extension
Interest
Rate
Reduction
Combination
Term Extension
and Interest Rate
Reduction
% of Total
Segment
Financing
Receivables
Residential real estate $ 253  $ 1,807  $ $ 0.44 %
Total $ 253  $ 1,807  $ $ 0.14 %
The financial effects of payment delay modifications and term extension modifications had a forbearance average of five months and one hundred eighty-seven months weighted average extension to life of loan, respectively. There were no commitments to lend additional amounts to the borrowers included in the previous tables.
The borrowers with term extension have had their maturity dates extended and as a result their monthly payments were reduced or had payments added to the end of the loan which resulted in payment relief.
For the three months ended September 30, 2025
(Dollars in thousands) Principal Forgiveness Weighted average interest rate reduction Weighted average term extension (months) Payment delay
(months)
Residential real estate $ —  % 7 -
Commercial real estate $ —  % 180 -
For the three months ended September 30, 2024
(Dollars in thousands) Principal Forgiveness Weighted average interest rate reduction Weighted average term extension (months) Payment delay
(months)
Residential real estate $ —  % 4 7
For the nine months ended September 30, 2025
(Dollars in thousands) Principal Forgiveness Weighted average interest rate reduction Weighted average term extension (months) Payment delay
(months)
Residential real estate $ —  % 7 -
Commercial real estate $ —  % 180 5
For the nine months ended September 30, 2024
(Dollars in thousands) Principal Forgiveness Weighted average interest rate reduction Weighted average term extension (months) Payment delay
(months)
Residential real estate $ —  % 4 5
The Company closely monitors the performance of loans that have been modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following tables present the performance of such loans in the twelve months following modification.
September 30, 2025
(Dollars in thousands) Current 30-59 Days
Past Due
60-89
Days Past
Due
Greater Than 90
Days Past Due
Residential real estate $ 500  $ $ 378  $ 315 
Home equity 30 
Commercial real estate 390  135 
Construction and land development 654 
Commercial business 1,051 
Total $ 922  $ $ 378  $ 2,155 
September 30, 2024
(Dollars in thousands) Current 30-59 Days
Past Due
60-89
Days Past
Due
Greater Than 90
Days Past Due
Residential real estate $ 774  $ 194  $ 121  $ 132 
Total $ 774  $ 194  $ 121  $ 132 

Upon the Company’s determination that a modified loan has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan is written off. Therefore, the amortized cost of the loan is reduced by the uncollectible amount and the allowance for credit losses is adjusted by the same amount. All modified loans are deemed collectible.
Foreclosures
As part of the normal course of business, the Company had $2.1 million in loans involved in the foreclosure process at September 30, 2025 compared to $700 thousand at December 31, 2024. The Company had no other real estate owned as of September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024.
Acquired Loan Purchase Discounts
As part of the fair value of loans receivable, there was a net fair value discount for loans acquired of $3.9 million at September 30, 2025, compared to $4.4 million at December 31, 2024.
Accretable yield, or income recorded for the nine months ended September 30, is as follows:
(Dollars in thousands) Total
2024 $ 649 
2025 610 
Accretable yield, or income expected to be recorded in the future is as follows:
(Dollars in thousands) Total
Remainder of 2025 $ 142 
2026 440 
2027 296 
2028 280 
2029 246 
2030 and thereafter 2,302 
Total $ 3,706 
Allowance for Credit Losses
The allowance for credit losses is established for current expected credit losses on the Company’s loan portfolio utilizing guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 326.
The determination of the allowance requires significant judgment to estimate credit losses measured on a collective pool basis when similar risk characteristics exist, and for loans evaluated individually. In determining the allowance, the Company estimates expected future losses for the loan’s entire contractual term adjusted for expected payments when appropriate. The allowance estimate considers relevant available information, from internal and external sources relating to the historical loss experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts for the Company’s outstanding loan balances. The allowance is an estimation that reflects management’s evaluation of expected losses related to the Company’s financial assets measured at amortized cost. To ensure that the allowance is maintained at an adequate level, a detailed analysis is performed on a quarterly basis and an appropriate provision is made to adjust the allowance.
The Company categorizes the loan portfolio into nine segments based on similar risk characteristics. Loans within each segment are collectively evaluated using the probability of default (“PD”)/loss given default (“LGD”) methodology (PD/LGD). In creating the “current expected credit loss (CECL)” model as required under ASC 326, the Company has established a two-year reasonable and supportable forecast period with a two-year straight line reversion to the long-term historical average. Due to its minimal loss history, the Company elected to use peer data for a more reasonable calculation. The following tables show the changes in the allowance for credit losses, segregated by portfolio segment, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, and 2024.
The Company's activity in the allowance for credit losses, by loan segment, is summarized below for the three months ended September 30, 2025:
(Dollars in thousands) Beginning Balance Charge-offs Recoveries Provisions Ending Balance
Allowance for credit losses:
Residential real estate $ 2,755  $ $ 15  $ (22) $ 2,748 
Home equity 738  (56) 682 
Commercial real estate 9,150  86  9,236 
Construction and land development 1,495  (345) 1,150 
Multifamily 2,301  226  2,528 
Commercial business 1,603  (276) 141  1,468 
Consumer (14)
Manufactured homes 125  (9) 116 
Government 15  31  46 
Total $ 18,184  $ (290) $ 22  $ 61  $ 17,977 
The Company's activity in the allowance for credit losses, by loan segment, is summarized below for the three months ended September 30, 2024:
(Dollars in thousands) Beginning Balance Charge-offs Recoveries Provisions Ending Balance
Allowance for credit losses:
Residential real estate $ 4,297  $ (28) $ $ 170  $ 4,448 
Home equity 727  107  834 
Commercial real estate 6,903  (622) 6,282 
Construction and land development 3,067  (261) 2,806 
Multifamily 879  650  1,529 
Commercial business 2,205  (2) 222  (179) 2,246 
Consumer (17) 16 
Manufactured homes 157  90  247 
Government 90  28  118 
Total $ 18,330  $ (47) $ 233  $ $ 18,516 
The Company's activity in the allowance for credit losses, by loan segment, is summarized below for the nine months ended September 30, 2025:
(Dollars in thousands) Beginning Balance Charge-offs Recoveries Provisions Ending Balance
Allowance for credit losses:
Residential real estate $ 4,481  $ $ 50  $ (1,783) $ 2,748 
Home equity 835  (153) 682 
Commercial real estate 6,444  2,788  9,236 
Construction and land development 2,651  (1,501) 1,150 
Multifamily 1,003  (46) 11  1,560  2,528 
Commercial business 1,185  (337) 460  160  1,468 
Consumer (35) 26 
Manufactured homes 252  (136) 116 
Government 55  (9) 46 
Total $ 16,911  $ (418) $ 532  $ 952  $ 17,977 
The Company's activity in the allowance for credit losses, by loan segment, is summarized below for the nine months ended September 30, 2024:
(Dollars in thousands) Beginning Balance Charge-offs Recoveries Provisions Ending Balance
Allowance for credit losses:
Residential real estate $ 3,984  $ (28) $ 30  $ 462  $ 4,448 
Home equity 698  136  834 
Commercial real estate 7,045  (766) 6,282 
Construction and land development 4,206  (1,400) 2,806 
Multifamily 933  (66) 31  631  1,529 
Commercial business 1,649  (2) 230  369  2,246 
Consumer (60) 51 
Manufactured homes 181  66  247 
Government 65  53  118 
Total $ 18,768  $ (156) $ 301  $ (397) $ 18,516 
A collateral dependent financial loan relies solely on the operation or sale of the collateral for repayment. In evaluating the overall risk associated with the loan, the Company considers character, overall financial condition and resources, and payment record of the borrower; the prospects for support from any financially responsible guarantors; and the nature and degree of protection provided by the cash flow and value of any underlying collateral. However, as other sources of repayment become inadequate over time, the significance of the collateral's value increases and the loan may become collateral-dependent.
The table below presents the amortized cost basis and allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) allocated for collateral dependent loans in accordance with ASC 326, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses.
(Dollars in thousands) September 30, 2025
Real Estate Equipment/Inventory Accounts Receivable Vehicles Total ACL Allocation
Residential real estate $ 2,970  $ $ $ $ 2,970  $ 40 
Home equity 206  206 
Commercial real estate 2,455  2,455  98 
Construction and land development 2,306  2,306 
Multifamily 1,732  1,732  407 
Commercial business 1,520  942  222  2,684  367 
Total $ 9,669  $ 1,520  $ 942  $ 222  $ 12,353  $ 912 
(Dollars in thousands) December 31, 2024
Real Estate Equipment/Inventory Accounts Receivable Vehicles Total ACL Allocation
Residential real estate $ 3,012  $ $ $ $ 3,012  $ 50 
Home equity 219  219 
Commercial real estate 1,598  1,598  43 
Construction and land development 2,285  2,285 
Multifamily 3,550  3,550 
Commercial business 712  1,399  1,428  144  3,683  191 
Total $ 11,376  $ 1,399  $ 1,428  $ 144  $ 14,347  $ 284 
A deferred cost reserve is maintained for the portfolio of manufactured home loans that have been purchased. This reserve is available for use for manufactured home loan nonperformance and costs associated with nonperformance. If the segment performs in line with expectations, the deferred cost reserve is paid as a premium to the third-party originator of the loan. The unamortized balance of the deferred cost reserve totaled $2.5 million and $2.9 million as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively, and is included in net deferred loan origination cost.
The following table presents non–accrual loans and loans past due over 90 days still on accrual by class of loans:
As of September 30, 2025 Nonaccrual with
No Allowance for
Credit Loss
Nonaccrual with
Allowance for
Credit Loss
Nonaccrual Loans
in Total
Loans Past Due
over 90 Days Still
Accruing
Residential real estate $ 1,705  $ 4,109  $ 5,814  $
Home equity 30  851  881 
Commercial real estate 1,505  559  2,064 
Construction and land development 717  717 
Multifamily 625  1,107  1,732 
Commercial business 2,193  491  2,684 
Total $ 6,775  $ 7,117  $ 13,892  $
As of December 31, 2024 Nonaccrual with
No Allowance for
Credit Loss
Nonaccrual with
Allowance for
Credit Loss
Nonaccrual Loans
in Total
Loans Past Due
over 90 Days Still
Accruing
Residential real estate $ 1,514  $ 3,150  $ 4,664  $
Home equity 179  304  483 
Commercial real estate 1,078  202  1,280 
Construction and land development 659  659 
Multifamily 3,362  3,362 
Commercial business 3,099  191  3,290 
Total $ 9,891  $ 3,847  $ 13,738  $
Accrued interest receivable on loans totaled $5.3 million on September 30, 2025, as well as $5.3 million on December 31, 2024, and is excluded from the estimate of credit losses. The Company made the accounting policy election to not measure an ACL for accrued interest receivable. Accrued interest deemed uncollectible will be written off through interest income.
Liability for Credit Losses on Unfunded Loan Commitments
The liability for credit losses inherent in unfunded loan commitments is included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The adequacy of the reserve for unfunded commitments is determined quarterly based on methodology similar to the methodology for determining the ACL. The following table shows the changes in the liability for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments.
(Dollars in thousands) Three months ended,
September 30, 2025
Three months ended,
September 30, 2024
Balance, beginning of period $ 2,027  $ 3,914 
Provision for (benefit from) unfunded loan commitments (361)
Balance, end of period $ 1,666  $ 3,914 
(Dollars in thousands) Nine months ended,
September 30, 2025
Nine months ended,
September 30, 2024
Balance, beginning of period $ 2,739  $ 3,441 
Provision for (benefit from) unfunded loan commitments (1,073) 473 
Balance, end of period $ 1,666  $ 3,914